Term
inhaled anesthetics (i.e. fluoranes) have what effects on the following:
- CV
- Respiratory drive
- Bronchioles
- Brain bloodflow
- Renal bloodflow
- Hepatic bloodflow |
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Definition
- CV depression (hypotension)
- Respiratory depression (not NO)
- Bronchodilation
- increased brain blood flow (bad, increases intracranial pressure)
- decreased renal & hepatic blood flow |
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Term
| how is baldness inherited? |
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Definition
| polygenic (susceptibility loci on X & 20p) |
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Term
Name human receptor for each bacterial surface protein:
- HIV gp120
- EBV gp350
- Parvovirus B19 attachment protein |
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Definition
- CD4
- CD21
- erythrocyte P antigen |
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Term
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Definition
| 5th intercostal space, mid clavicular line |
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Term
cells covering:
- ovary
- fallopian tube
- uterus
- cervix
- vagina |
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Definition
- simple cuboidal (germinal epithelium, gives rise to tumors: serous, mucinous, endometrioid, clear cell, brenner)
- simple columnar
- simple pseudostratified
- simple columnar
- stratified squamous, non keratinized |
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Term
| things that have a + Nikolsky's sign |
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Definition
Things that are acantholytic:
- toxic epidermal necrolysis (steven-johnson-syndrome)
- Pemphigus vulgaris (used to differentiate from pemphigoid)
- Staph scalded skin syndrome |
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Term
| in what structure does isotype switching occur? |
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Definition
| germinal follicle (requires CD40L from T-cells) |
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Term
what do ACEIs do to:
- GFR
- K+
(name 2 other SE, related to each other) |
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Definition
- decreases
- increases
- cough & angioedema |
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Term
| what is the last part of the ureter to canalize? |
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Definition
| ureteropelvic junction (junction btw kidney & ureter) |
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Term
| What do Th2 cells secrete to recruit & activate eosinophils? |
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Definition
IL-5
(Unrelated: IL-5 is also needed for class switching to IgA) |
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Term
| paroxysmal breathlessness & wheezing in a young patient unrelated to ingestion of aspirin, pulmonary infection, inhalation of irritants, stress, and/or exercise |
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Definition
| extrinsic allergic asthma |
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Term
| Definition of latent period |
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Definition
Applicable to both pathogenesis & risk modifiers (treatment or risk factors).
Initial steps in pathogenesis and/or exposure to a risk factor sometimes occur years before clinical manifestations of a disease are evident. Additionally, exposure to risk modifiers may need to be continuous over a certain period of time before influencing the outcome
example: latent period may exist when measuring antioxidant intake vs risk reduction of stroke risk (i.e. no effect after 5 years, but effect after 10 years) |
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Term
Use of each of the following autonomic meds:
- Scopolamine
- Phenoxybenzamine
- Ipratropium bromide
- methacholine |
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Definition
- muscarinic antagonist for motion sickness
- irreversible alpha antagonist for pheochromocytoma
- antimuscarinic for asthma/COPD (bronchodilator)
- asthma stress testing |
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Term
| johovas whitnesses come in unconscious and need blood transfusion. One is a child, one is a married adult. The spouse says not to give blood. What do you do? |
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Definition
you can always give it to the kid (courts side with you)
If the conversation with the husband is short, i.e. brief & over the phone, you may give woman blood, too, if it's necessary
if husband is there and says no, you must first try to reason with him, if that doesn't work, get a court order.
remember, you can always give kids blood products, they can't make decisions for themselves, and the parents have no right to withold life-saving measures |
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Term
what's depositied in:
1) poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
2) MPGN type 1
3) MPGN type 2 |
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Definition
- IgG, IgM, & C3
- early complement components (e.g. C1q, C4), IgG, C3
3) C3; no early complement or IgG |
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Term
what blot detects:
- mRNA
- DNA
- Protein
- DNA-bound protein |
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Definition
- northern
- Southern
- Western
- Southwestern |
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Term
thing that puts phosphate on glucose in pancreatic beta cells?
A defect in this enzyme may cause what? |
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Definition
Glucokinase
higher Km & Vm; less sensitive to allosteric inhibition by its product (glucose-6-phosphate)
defect may cause maturity onset diabetes OR susceptibility to gestational diabetes |
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Term
| Defective enzyme(s) in HNPCC do what? |
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Definition
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Term
| mycoplasma need this to grow on media |
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Definition
|
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Term
| lung x-ray looks worse than patients symptoms |
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Definition
| walking pneumonia (mycoplasma) |
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Term
Cryptococcus neoformins
- morphology
- diagnosis
- Tx |
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Definition
- encapsulated yeast w/ narrow buds
- india ink/latex agglutination/methenamine mucicarmine OR culture w/ sabouraud's
- AmphoB & flucytosine; fluconazole for prophylaxis |
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Term
| precursor for NO, urea, ornithine, & creatine |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 causes of polydipsia & polyuria & how to treat them |
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Definition
- diabetes mellitus (insulin, etc)
- Diabetes insipidus (HCTZ for nephrogenic, desmopressin for central)
- psychogenic (restrict water) |
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Term
| acute relief of rheumatoid arthritis symptoms? long term treatment? |
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Definition
- prednisone
- DMARDS: hydroxychloraquine & sulfasalazine for mild disease; methotrexate & biologics for severe |
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Term
| define oral bioavailability |
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Definition
F = (AUC oral x dose IV)/(AUC IV x dose oral)
for same dose, F equals ratio of area under curves for each |
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Term
| eye manifestation of primary biliary cirrhosis (or other bile-duct blockage) |
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Definition
| xanthelasma: bile excretion impaired --> hypercholesterolemia |
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Term
| A-a gradient of hypoventilation |
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Definition
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Term
Where are the only serotonin-releasing neurons found in the brain?
additionally, name what is released from the following nuclei:
- Locus Ceruleus
- Nucleus basalis of Meynert
- Substantia Nigra |
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Definition
- Raphe nuclei
- LC: Norepinephrine (in dorsal pons; "fight or flight")
- NBoM: cholinergic (decreased fn in Alzheimer)
- SN: dopamine |
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Term
| what can cause death in acute rheumatic fever |
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Definition
severe myocarditis (Sx: weak heart sounds, tachycardia, pericardial friction rub, arrhythmias; may evolve into mitral regurge, heart failure leading to death)
(NOTE: mitral stenosis takes years-decades to develop) |
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Term
| infertility, situs inversus, recurrent sinusitis & bronchiectasis |
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Definition
| kartageners syndrome (problem w/ dynein arms |
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Term
| PT prolongation that is not fixed w/ vitamin K administration, thrombocytopenia, in an alcoholic |
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Definition
factor VII deficiency due to hepatic cirrhosis. thrombocytopenia is commonly seen w/ cirrhosis because of concomitant hypersplenism
factor VII has the shortest plasma 1/2-life, thus PT is the first thing to prolong in cirrhosis |
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Term
name age of pt & if it regresses or not:
- Cherry hemangioma
- Strawberry hemangioma
- Spider angioma
- Cavernous hemangioma
- Cystic hygromas |
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Definition
- CH: elderly; no spontaneous regression
- SH (aka "capillary hemangioma"): infants; initially rapidly grow, then regress by 5-8 y.o.
- SA: pregnant women/cirrhosis (estrogen dependent); regress if estrogen is lowered
- CH: CH of brain & viscera in VHL; less likely to regress than strawberry hemangioma
-Cystic Hygroma: turners & down syndroms; lymphatic cysts lined by endothelium; no regression |
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