Term
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Definition
| . Stressors are psychological or physical stimuli that are incompatible with current functioning and require adaptation. |
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Term
| what is fight-or-flight response |
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Definition
| the body's way of preparing for a situation an individual perceives as a threat to survival. This response results in increased blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiac output. |
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Term
| who is responcible for the "fight or flight" theory? |
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Definition
| Walter Cannon (1871–1945) |
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Term
| what is a male's neural responce to stress? |
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Definition
| men experience altered prefrontal blood flow and increased salivary cortisol in response to stress |
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Term
| what is a female's neural response to stress? |
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Definition
| women experience increased limbic (emotional) activity and less significantly altered salivary cortisol |
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Term
| which theorist worked on the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 stages of General Adaptation Syndrom (GAS) |
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Definition
1. The alarm (or acute stress) stage is the initial, brief, and adaptive response (fight or flight) to the stressor.
The resistance stage could also be called the adaptation stage, because it is during this time sustained and optimal resistance to the stressor occurs. Usually stressors are successfully overcome; however, when they are not, the organism may experience the final exhaustion stage.
3. The exhaustion stage occurs when attempts to resist the stressor prove futile. At this point, resources are depleted, and the stress may become chronic, producing a wide array of psychological and physiological responses and even death. |
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Term
| according to GAS can the body differentiate between positive and negative stimuli? |
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Definition
| no, the stress response is the same. |
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Term
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Definition
| Distress is a negative, draining energy that results in anxiety, depression, confusion, helplessness, hopelessness, and fatigue. Distress may be caused by such stressors as a death in the family, financial overload, or school/work demands |
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Term
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Definition
| Eustress is a positive, beneficial energy that motivates and results in feelings of happiness, hopefulness, and purposeful movement. Eustress may be the result of a much-needed vacation, being called in for an interview, the birth of a baby, or buying a new car. Eustress could lead to a depletion of physiological resources if sustained, but (fortunately/unfortunately) one does not typically become chronically happy and motivated. |
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Term
| Name 4 effects of Acute stress on the body |
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Definition
uneasiness/concern
sadness
loss of appetite
immune suppression
increased metabolism/fat use
infertility
increased energy use
increased C/V tone
Increased cardiopulmonary tone |
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Term
| Name 5 effects of chronic stress on the body |
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Definition
anxiety/panic attacks
depression
anorexia
over eating
lowered immune responce
diabetes
hypertension
amenorrhea
lack of sex drive
impotence
fatigue
irritability
decreased memory/learning functions
increased risk for C/V issues (heart attack, ect)
increased risk of blood clots
increased respiratory problem. |
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Term
| what chemical is a brain catecholamine that plays an important role in mood, sleep, sexuality, appetite, and metabolism. |
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Definition
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Term
| During times of stress, serotonin synthesis ... does what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which stress model helps explain what many researchers and clinicians have believed and witnessed for centuries: there are links among stress (biopsychosocial), the immune system, and disease—a clear mind-body connection that may alter health outcomes. |
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Definition
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Term
| stressors can be divided into what two categories |
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Definition
| physical and psychological |
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Term
| what are Physical stressors? |
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Definition
| environmental conditions (e.g., trauma and excessive cold or heat), as well as physical conditions (e.g., infection, hemorrhage, hunger, and pain). |
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Term
| what are psychological stressors? |
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Definition
| divorce, loss of a job, unmanageable debt, the death of a loved one, retirement, and fear of a terrorist attack, as well as changes we might consider positive, such as marriage, the arrival of a new baby, or unexpected success. |
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Term
| what determines the person's emotional and psychological reactions to a stressor? |
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Definition
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Term
| name 3 effective stress reducing activities |
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Definition
sleep
exercise
reducing/stoping caffeine
music
pets
massage
sex |
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Term
| problem solving, using social support, and reframing/redefining the situation to see both sides... are what type of stressr response? |
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Definition
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Term
| avoidance, self-blame, and wishful thinking are what type of stress response? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| It is a discipline for training the mind to develop greater calm and then using that calm to bring penetrative insight into one's experience. Meditation can be used to help people reach their deep inner resources for healing, calm the mind, and operate more efficiently in the world. It can help people develop strategies to cope with stress, make sensible adaptive choices under pressure, and feel more engaged in life |
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Term
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Definition
| a process whereby a person is led to envision images that are both calming and health enhancing and can be used in conjunction with Benson's relaxation technique. The content of the imagery exercises is shaped by the person helping with the imagery process. |
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Term
| what provides immediate and exact information regarding muscle activity, brain waves, skin temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, and other bodily functions? |
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Definition
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Term
| what has been found to be positively correlated with greater positive affect and higher self-esteem ? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the goal of cognitive reframing? |
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Definition
| The goal of cognitive reframing is to change the individual's perceptions of stress by reassessing a situation and replacing irrational beliefs (“I can't pass this course.”) with more positive self-statements (“If I choose to study for this course, I will increase my chances of success.”). |
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Term
| what concept is based on the premise that we are not aware of ourselves moment-to-moment but operate on a sort of mental autopilot? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is a technique that can ease worry and obsession, help identify hopes and fears, increase energy levels and confidence, and facilitate the grieving process by keeping a diary? |
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Definition
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Term
| what concept is based on the premise that we are not aware of ourselves moment-to-moment but operate on a sort of mental autopilot? |
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Definition
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Term
1. The nurse is caring for a patient who is experiencing a crisis. Which symptoms would indicate that the patient is in the stage of alarm?
1. Constricted pupils
2. Dry mouth
3. Decrease in heart rate
4. Sudden drop in blood pressure |
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Definition
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Term
2. If it is determined that a patient will benefit from guided imagery, what teaching should the nurse provide?
1. Focus on a visual object or sound.
2. Become acutely aware of your breathing pattern.
3. Envision an image of a place that is peaceful.
4. Develop deep abdominal breathing. |
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Definition
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Term
3. A patient is going to undergo biofeedback. Which patient statement requires further teaching by the nurse?
1. “This will measure my muscle activity, heart rate, and blood pressure.”
2. “It will help me recognize how my body responds to stress.”
3. “I will feel a small shock of electricity if I tell a lie.”
4. “The instruments will know if my skin temperature changes.” |
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Definition
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Term
4. A patient has told the nurse that she knows she is going to lose her job, which scares her because she needs to work to pay her bills. Which nursing response reflects the positive stress response of problem solving?
1. “What are your plans to find a new job?”
2. “Can you call your parents to support you during this time?”
3. “Is it possible that this job loss is an opportunity to find a better paying job?”
4. “I'm sure everything will turn out just fine.” |
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Definition
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Term
5. The nurse is caring for four patients. Which patient would be at highest risk for psychosocial compromise? The patient who has experienced:
1. the death of a friend.
2. a divorce.
3. a recent job layoff.
4. the death of a spouse. |
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Definition
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