Term
|
Definition
| highly active anti-retroviral therapy |
|
|
Term
| What is the initial treatment for HIV? |
|
Definition
| NRTI + NNRTI + protease inhibitor |
|
|
Term
| What are the reserve treatments given for HIV? |
|
Definition
| receptor blocker of HIV entry, fusion inhibitor, integrase inhibitor |
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|
Term
| What is the structure of AZT? |
|
Definition
| pyrimidine nucleoside with abnormal sugar (sugar has three nitrogens) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the MOA of azidothymidine? |
|
Definition
| chain terminator and inhibits reverse transcriptase |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the structure of dideoxycytidine? |
|
Definition
| pyrimidine nucleoside analog (looks like deoxycytidine) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inhibits reverse transcriptase and is a chain terminator |
|
|
Term
| T/F Neither AZT nor ddC or ddI have very toxic side effects. |
|
Definition
| false, they are all very toxic |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the structure of ddI? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inhibits reverse transcriptase and is a chain terminator |
|
|
Term
| What is the structure of 3TC? |
|
Definition
| pyrimidine analog with an abnormal sugar |
|
|
Term
| What is the full name of 3TC? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the toxicity associated with lamivudine (3TC)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is 3TC used to treat? |
|
Definition
| antiretroviral adjuvant and hepatitis B adjuvant |
|
|
Term
| What is the full name for d4T? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the structure of d4T (stavudine)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the MOA of stavudine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is d4T (stavudine) used for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the administration of d4T? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the toxicity associated with d4T (stavudine)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the full name of ABV? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the structure of ABV? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the toxicity associated with ABV? |
|
Definition
| mild rash, diarrhea, asthenia |
|
|
Term
| What are the pyrimidine nucleoSIDE analogues? |
|
Definition
| IdU, TFT, AZT, ddC, 3TC, d4T |
|
|
Term
| What are the purine nucleoside analogues? |
|
Definition
| Ara-A, ACG, ganciclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir, ribavirin, ddI, ABV |
|
|
Term
| What is the full name for NVP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the structure of nevirapine (NVP)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the use of NVP (nevirapine)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the MOA of nevirapine? |
|
Definition
| inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase |
|
|
Term
| How is nevirapine administered? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the toxicity associated with nevirapine (NVP)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the full name for DMP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the structure of DMP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the use of efavirenz (DMP)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the MOA of efavirenz (DMP)? |
|
Definition
| inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase |
|
|
Term
| What is the route of administration for efavirenz (DMP)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the toxicity of DMP (efavirenz)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the full name for DLV? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the use of delavirdine (DLV)? |
|
Definition
| nonnucleoside antiretroviral adjuvant |
|
|
Term
| What type of compound is delavirdine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is delavirdine administered? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the toxicities of delavirdine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the MOA of protease inhibitors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How effective are protease inhibitors? |
|
Definition
| they are poorly absorbed and have low potency and resistance can develop, but they significantly increase longevity |
|
|
Term
| What suffix is common to the protease inhibitors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What receptors does HIV use to enter cells? |
|
Definition
| CCR5, CXCR4, CCR5 + CXCR4, CD4-R |
|
|
Term
| What is the full name of MAR? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the MOA of maraviroc? |
|
Definition
| CCR-5 co-receptor antagonist that inhibits attachment and entry |
|
|
Term
| Maraviroc does not work in which HIV viruses? |
|
Definition
| those that are CXCR4-ropic HIV-1 or a dual CXCR4 + CCR5 |
|
|
Term
| What is the full name for RAL? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the MOA of raltegravir? |
|
Definition
| blocks integration of HVI genome into host genome by inhibiting "integrase" |
|
|
Term
| What is the full name for T-20? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the MOA of enfuvirtide (T-20)? |
|
Definition
| binds to HIV gp 41; inhibitor of attachment and entry |
|
|
Term
| What is the structure of T-20 (enfuvirtide)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What makes the combination drug Kaletra more efficient? |
|
Definition
| contains lopinavir and ritonavir; ritonavir inhibits teh CYP3A mediated metabolism of lopinavir resulting in increased plasma concentrations of lopinivar |
|
|
Term
| Name the three nucleoTIDE antivirals? |
|
Definition
| cidofovir, adefovir, tenofovir |
|
|
Term
| What was the first nucleotide analog? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the use of cidofovir? |
|
Definition
| broad spectrum antiviral (antiherpetic, anti-adeno, anti-HPV) ESPECIALLY CMV retinitis |
|
|
Term
| Wat is the structure of cidofovir? |
|
Definition
| pyrimidine (cytidine) analog |
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of action of cidofovir? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the full name of HPMPC? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is cidofovir administered? |
|
Definition
| topically and systemically |
|
|
Term
| Is cidofovir activated by a host or a viral enzyme? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the toxicities associated with cidofovir? |
|
Definition
| nephrotoxic: must check kidney function bi-weekly |
|
|
Term
| What is the full name of ADV, PMEA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the spectrum of adefovir dipivoxil? |
|
Definition
| very broad spectrum (CMV and HIV, and hep B adjuvant) |
|
|
Term
| Is adefovir dipivoxil activated by host or viral enzymes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is given with adefovir dipivoxil to reduce toxicity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of adefovir dipovoxil? |
|
Definition
| reverse transcriptase inhibitor and chain terminator |
|
|
Term
| What is the structure of tenofovir? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the MOA of tenofovir? |
|
Definition
| anti-retroviral, inhibitor of HIV reverse transcriptase |
|
|
Term
| What viruses are treated with tenofovir? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the major toxicity of tenofovir? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is fomivirsen used for? |
|
Definition
| cytomegalovirus retinitis |
|
|
Term
| What is the structure and MOA of fomivirsen? |
|
Definition
| 21-mer oligonucleotide sequence is complimentary to the mRNA for the immediate early gene product of huan cytomegalovirus (phosphorothioate backbone) |
|
|
Term
| What is the only antisense antiviral? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List the non-systemic antivirals (topical only). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of action of foscarnet? |
|
Definition
| inhibits DNA polymerase by acting as a noncompetitive inhibitor at the pyrophosphate binding site on the viral enzyme |
|
|
Term
| What drugs are used to treat CMV retinitis? |
|
Definition
| gancyclovir, valganciclovir, foscarnet, formivirsen, cidofovir |
|
|
Term
| What can be used to treat hepatitis B? |
|
Definition
| tenofovir, adefovir dipivoxil, lamivudine, entecavir, famciclovir, thymosine alpha 1, interferon alpha 1 |
|
|
Term
| What is the structure of entecavir? |
|
Definition
| guanosine nucleoside analogue with abnormal sugars |
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of action of entecavir? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What virus is treated with entecavir? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is TDF, PMPA stand for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the structure of tenofovir? |
|
Definition
| purine nucleotide analogue with an abnormal sugar |
|
|
Term
| What is the MOA of tenofovir? |
|
Definition
| chain terminator and reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
|
|
Term
| What is the full name of TA-1? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the structure of TA-1 (thymosin alpha 1)? |
|
Definition
| 28 amino acid polypeptide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Thymosin alpha 1 is usually used in combination with _______ when treating hepatitis B. |
|
Definition
| famciclovir and lamivudine (3TC) |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for hepatitis C? |
|
Definition
| combinations (ribovirin, IFN-alpha) |
|
|
Term
| List the protein/peptide antivirals. |
|
Definition
| interferon alpha, TA-1 (thymosin alpha 1) |
|
|
Term
| Which pyrimidine nucleoside analogs are used to treat HIV? |
|
Definition
| azidothymidine, ddC, lamivudine, stavudine |
|
|
Term
| Which purine nucleoside analogs are used to treat HIV? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is ddI unique from the other purine nucleoside analogues? |
|
Definition
| used to treat HIV and is a RNA chain terminator |
|
|
Term
| Which non-nucleoside analogues are used to treat HIV? |
|
Definition
| nevirapine, efavirenz, delaviriden (hydroxyurea) |
|
|
Term
| Which non-nucleoside analogs inhibit neuraminidase? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the antivirals that are immunomodulators/immunoenhances. |
|
Definition
| INF-alpha, TA-1, imiquimod |
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