Term
squamous or pseduostratified?:
Nose |
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Definition
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Term
squamous or pseduostratified?:
paranasal sinus |
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Definition
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Term
squamous or pseduostratified?:
larynx |
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Definition
| pseudostratified (except true vocal cords) |
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Term
squamous or pseduostratified?:
tracheobronchial tree |
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Definition
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Term
squamous or pseduostratified?:
Oropharynx |
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Definition
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Term
squamous or pseduostratified?:
laryngopharynx |
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Definition
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Term
squamous or pseduostratified?:
anterior epiglottis |
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Definition
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Term
squamous or pseduostratified?:
superior portion of posterior epiglottis |
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Definition
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Term
squamous or pseduostratified?:
true vocal cords |
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Definition
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Term
| risk factors for laryngeal carcinoma, what type of cancer is it, and wehre is it found? |
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Definition
alcohol & tobacco (synergistic)
squamous cancer (papillary)
True vocal cords |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 12th (false rib tip lies in close proximity) |
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Term
| which colonic flexture is higher? |
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Definition
| splenic > hepatic (liver larger than spleen) |
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Term
| where do you see the ureters on CT? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| prader-willi & angelman syndromes |
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Term
| location of gastroduodenal artery |
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Definition
| posterior duodenal bulb (perforated ulcer can lead to life-threatening bleed from this artery) |
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Term
| perforation of posterior duodenal bulb by an ulcer |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
RPF/(1-Hct)
RPF = (Upah*V)/Ppah |
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Term
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Definition
inflammation (vs COX1, which does a lot of stuff, including platelet aggregation)
COX2 may be involved in PGI2 production & vascular dilation & anticoagulation --> increased risk of CV issues |
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Term
| NSAID that doesn't inhibit platelet aggregation |
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Definition
| celecoxib (COX2 selective) |
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Term
NAME THE DISORDERS:
(1) unmineralized osteoid accumulating around trabeculae
(2) Trabecular thinning w/ fewer interconnections
(3) cortical resorption (subperiosteal thinning)
(4)mosaic bone
(5) no mature trabeculae & marrow (persistent spongiform bone); Erlenmeyer flask deformity |
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Definition
(1) vitamin D deficiency (rickets)
(2) osteoporosis
(3) hyperparathyroidism
(4) Paget's
(5) Osteopetrosis |
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Term
| painful hemarthroses &/or menorrhagia w/out petechial hemorrhages |
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Definition
coagulation defect
ex. hemophilia A & B (increased PTT) |
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Term
| glomerulonephritis, arthralgias, photosensitivity, recurrent miscarriages, prolonged PTT, positive VDRL |
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Definition
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Term
| BABY: lethargic, poor feeding, big tongue, jaundice, hypotonia, umbilical hernia, ASD or VSD |
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Definition
| congenital hypothyroidism |
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Term
| when does botulism strike? |
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Definition
| 2-6 months (when they are fed honey): poor suckling & paralysis |
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Term
| mousy body odor & fair skin |
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Definition
phenylketonuria
also MR & developmental delay |
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Term
| 1-3 year old w/ swollen gums, fever, & lymphadenopathy |
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Definition
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Term
| holosystolic murmur on left sternal boarder |
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Definition
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Term
| decreased femoral-brachial BP ratio |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| precordial machinery-like murmur |
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Definition
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Term
| Spike-and-dome carotid pulse |
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Definition
HOCM (dynamic LV outflow obstruction)
-bifid carotid, trifid precordial |
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Term
| ring enhancing lesion in AIDS pts |
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Definition
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Term
| medial to insula & lateral to globus pallidus/internal capsule on coronal section |
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Definition
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Term
| brain lesion seen in Wilson's disease |
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Definition
| cystic degeneration of globus pallidus & damage to other structures of basal ganglia |
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Term
| degenerated in huntingtons disease |
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Definition
| Caudate nucleus (gives impression of enlarged lateral ventricles |
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Term
| choreoathetoid movements in a premature infant-- see cystic degeneration of brain |
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Definition
| cerebral palsy (intracranial hemorrhage in perinatal period causes cystic degeneration of basal ganglia) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| high levels of arginine in plasma & CSF in child w/ choreoathetoid movements |
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Definition
| argninase deficiency (Urea cycle) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| orotic aciduria (2 things) |
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Definition
de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway problems:
(1) orotic acid phosphoribosyltransferase (attach PRPP to orotic acid: orotidine5'phosphate)
(2) orotidine 5' phosphate decarboxylase (convert O-5-P to UMP)
Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency: shunts to ornithine pathway from urea cycle (most common urea cycle disorder, X-linked) |
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Term
| 64 y.o. male w/ repeatedly negative blood cultures has small mitral vegetation on transesophageal ultrasound. What is the pathogen |
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Definition
culture-negative endocarditis: bartonella, coxiella, mycoplasma, histoplasma, chlamydia, & HACEK (haemophilus, actinobacillus, cardiobacterium, eikenella, kingella)
hacek organisms are most common cause of gram-negative sepsis in non-IVD users. Also responsible for 5-10% of endocarditis |
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Term
| endocarditis associated w/ GI lesion. what is the pathogen? |
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Definition
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Term
| block iodine absorption into thyroid (2) |
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Definition
| potassium perchlorate & pertichnetate (anion inhibitors) |
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Term
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Definition
| methimazole & PTU: inhibit thyroid peroxidase |
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Term
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Definition
iron deficiency anemia
(dysphagia from plummer-vinson) |
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Term
| sideroblastic anemia vitamin deficiency |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
B19
slapped cheek & lace-like rash on trunk |
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Term
| mouth ulcers & maculopapular rash on palms & soles |
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Definition
| coxsackie A (hand-foot-mouth) |
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Term
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Definition
HHV6
6-15 month old w/ a high fever w/ a rash that starts on trunk & spreads peripherally |
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Term
| neuroblastoma paraneoplastic syndrome |
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Definition
| opsocolun-myoclonus & truncal ataxia |
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Term
| periungual desquamation, centripetal spreading rash, strawberry tongue, cardiac aneurisms, 12-24 months of age |
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Definition
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Term
| prolonged bleeding time, prolonged PTT, & decreased platelet aggregation in response to ristocetin |
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Definition
vWF deficiency (Von Willebrand disease)
Tx w/ desmopressin |
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Term
| blood/gas partitioning coefficient |
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Definition
| high in highly soluble anesthetics (more anesthetic dissolved in blood given a standard partial pressure) |
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Term
| alprazolam, triazolam oxazapam length of action |
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Definition
| short (<10 hrs), use for insomnia (also have highest risk for dependence) |
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Term
| estazolam, lorazepam, temazepam length of action |
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Definition
| medium acting (10-20 hrs) |
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Term
| Chlordizepoxide, clorazepate, diazepam, flurazepam length of action |
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Definition
| long (days): higher risk of falls in elderly, but have fewer withdrawal symptoms |
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Term
| expressing concern independent of understanding |
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Definition
| support ("lots of people with your condition have the same reaction") |
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Term
| express understanding of the pts experiences or difficulties, i.e. walk in pts shoes |
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Definition
| empathy: "I can imagine how this abuse could have changed your life" |
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Term
| encourage the patient to talk more |
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Definition
| facilitation: "and then what happened" |
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Term
| repeat back to the patient what they tell you |
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Definition
| reflection: "so you are telling me that..." |
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Term
| physician draws attention to pts discrepancies in her response |
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Definition
| confrontation: "you are telling me this, but it doesn't match with what you said before" |
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Term
| why wait 14 days when switching from MAOi to SSRI? |
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Definition
| b.c. MAO is irreversibly bound by MAOi (e.g. phenelzine) --> need to resynthesize MAOs to prevent serotonin syndrome |
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Term
| acutely atrophied liver w/ fulminant hepatitis a few days after surgery, eosinophilia, & viral cultures negative |
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Definition
| halothane-induced fulminant hepatitis (increase prothrombin time) |
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Term
| pt gets subarachnoid hemorrhage --> 4-12 days later, new neurological deficit w/ negative CT |
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Definition
| vasospasm (from loss of brain autoregulation) --> must be diagnosed w/ transcranial color doppler |
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Term
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Definition
| subarachnoid hemorrhage (e.g. burst berry aneurysm) |
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Term
| PRPP overactivity possible complication |
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Definition
gout
also:
- HGPRT def/loss, e.g. Lesch-Nyhan, X-linked (salvage pathway)
- VonGierke's (glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency) |
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