Term
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Definition
| breaks apart strands of DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| put together bits of DNA strands |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cells that reach adult stage and permanently stop dividing end in G0 phase |
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Term
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Definition
| gap 1 phase, cell grows vigorously, all organelles except DNA divide and grow |
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Term
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Definition
| gap 2 phase, cell prepares to divide |
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Term
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Definition
| synthetic phase, DNA replication |
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Term
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Definition
| replicated chromosomes split and pulled towards the poles of the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| organize the mitotic spindle and form the base of cilia and flagella |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 centrioles both with 9 microtubules |
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Term
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Definition
| strands of DNA and protein that wrap around histones to form chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| short, hairlike extensions, whiplike extensions that move cell |
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Term
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Definition
| 3 nucleotides of DNA or mRNA that code for 1 amino acid |
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Term
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Definition
| when cells touch each other it is a sign to stop reproducing |
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Term
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Definition
| enzymes that tell a cell to reproduce |
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Term
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Definition
| division of the cytoplasm |
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Term
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Definition
| inside of cell membrane and outside of nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
| series of rods running through the cell to give it structure and support |
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Term
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Definition
| cell fluid, part of the cytoplasm |
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Term
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Definition
| single, longer whiplike extension that propels the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| aging is programmed into our genes, improper functioning of the immune system |
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Term
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Definition
| process, package and secrete proteins |
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Term
| golgi apparatus structure |
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Definition
| stacked in flattened membranous sacs, proteins come in the cis face and leave the trans face |
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Term
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Definition
| tough, insoluble protein filaments that resist pulling on cells and attach to desmosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| cell growth and preparation for division, G1, S, G2 phases are part of interphase |
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Term
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Definition
| to lyse things, or eat them |
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Term
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Definition
| chromosomes line up at exact center, centromeres aligned |
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Term
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Definition
| small actin strands, attached to cytoplasm side of plasma membrane, adds to motility, cell shape and endo- and exo- cytosis |
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Term
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Definition
| largest, hollow tubes, radiate from the centrosomes and move DNA in cell division, determine shape of the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| fingerlike extensions, caused by folding of the plasma membrane to increase surface area |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| outer membrane is a phospholiipid bilayer, inner layer is a highly folded membrane called the cristae, with an intermembrane space in between the membranes, in between the membranes is the intermembranous space |
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Term
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Definition
| phospholipid bilayer with pores that is continuous with the rough ER |
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Term
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Definition
| site of ribosome production |
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Term
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Definition
| nucleus fluid, contains DNA, nucleotides and histones |
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Term
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Definition
| fundamental unit chromosomes, DNA double wrapped around 8 histones |
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Term
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Definition
| gene containing control center |
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Term
| organelles without membranes |
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Definition
| cytoskeleton, centrioles and ribosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| membranous sacs that contain enzymes to neutralize free radicals |
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Term
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Definition
| chromatin condenses into chromosomes, nucleoli disappear, mitotic spindle is formed |
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Term
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Definition
| site of protein synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| granules containing protein and rRNA |
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Term
| rough endoplasmic reticulum function |
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Definition
| store and process proteins made by the ribosomes |
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Term
| rough endoplasmic reticulum structure |
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Definition
| flattened sacs of parallel membranes, studded with ribosomes |
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Term
| smooth endoplasmic reticulum function |
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Definition
| function varies by cell type |
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Term
| smooth endoplasmic reticulum structure |
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Definition
| tubes arranged in a looping network |
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Term
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Definition
| 1). initiation- RNA polymerase attaches to promoter region 2). elongation- RNA polymerase starts to make RNA strands and rezips DNA strand behind it 3). termination- mRNA synthesis ends |
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Term
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Definition
| brings amino acid to the ribosome to make a protein |
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Term
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Definition
| chromosomes reach the pole, nucleoli and chromosomes decondense |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA being written into mRNA |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| electrical potential energy across the membrane due to the concentration of ions |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| aging is a result of chemical insults to a cell and the action of free radicals |
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