Term
Fluid filled in left upper abdomen
Seen by 13 -14 wk
Vernix (echogenic debris within fluid)
All of these are characteristic of __
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Normal stomach use to ___ |
|
Definition
| Verify proper situs, determine fetal position and rt / lt sides of the fetus |
|
|
Term
| What is partial situs inversus mean? |
|
Definition
| Stomach on right and heart on left (this increase of serious defects) |
|
|
Term
| Which position of stomach and heart increased incidence of serious defects? |
|
Definition
| Partial situs inversus=rt stomach and lt heart |
|
|
Term
| If don't see stomach, stomach should fill appx 30 min or more up to several hours at the time of___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Normal empty stomach
Displaced stomach (chest/um cord)
Anhydramnios
Esophageal atresia
Microgastria (small stomach)
All of these occur cause of____ |
|
Definition
| Failure to visualize stomach |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ends in blind pouch or narrows and doesn't provide continuous to stomach is ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A congenital absence or occlusion of a portion of duodenum is called__ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Duodenal atresia associated ____ |
|
Definition
| 1/3 with trisomy 21 (down syndrome) |
|
|
Term
| Duodenal atresia cannot see with US until ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A large obstructed stomach and distended proximal 1st portion of duodenal segment side by side anechoic structures this is called___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which finding to dx duodenal stenosis or atresia? |
|
Definition
| Double bubble sign and polyhydramnios (presence of this help to confirm dx is correct) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Vertebral abnormalities, Anal atresia, cadiac abnormalities, TE fistula, Renal agenesis, Limb defects |
|
|
Term
| Double bubble sign should trigger of____ |
|
Definition
| Genetic counseling and amniocentesis considering (because this due to asso with trisomy 21) so should also perform detailed renal scan and fetal echocardiography |
|
|
Term
| An abnormal if echogenicity similar to bone and canbe associated with other chromosomal defects this is __ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When and how is a critical process in the closure of the abdominal wall? |
|
Definition
| 6wk, folding helps the embryo transform itself into a cylindrical shape, the side of fold leading to form the lateral and anterior of abdominal wall |
|
|
Term
| The sides of the embryo fold leading to the formation of what? |
|
Definition
| The lateral and anterior of abdominal wall |
|
|
Term
| In 6 wk the folding process helps the embryo transform itself into ___ |
|
Definition
| A cylindrical shape and closure the abdominal wall |
|
|
Term
| The fusion of the ML is completed by__ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___of the bowel occurs during the 9th week of development as the midgut extends to the ______ |
|
Definition
| Umbilical hernia; extraembryonic coelom of umbilical cord |
|
|
Term
| Due to the volume of the solid viscera in the abdomen, the midgut is forced into the extraembryonic coelom in the proximal umbilical cord through a process known as___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The external bowel undergoes a 90 degree ______along the ______ |
|
Definition
| counterclockwise rotation, the axis of SMA |
|
|
Term
| By the 12wk the ____return to the abdominal cavity this is occur no later than 14 wk |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ABS (Amniotic Band Syndrome) |
|
Definition
Rupture of amnion
Attachment of amniotic strands to fetus
entrapment or entanglement of fetal parts
Male=Female |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Clefts
encephaloceles
Deformities fetal position
Echogenic structure attached to fetus |
|
|
Term
| Amputations, clubfeet (diviation of metatarsal bones of forefeet) are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Asymmetric encephalocele; protrusion of brain through cranial fissure, asymmetric clefting; severe facial anolmalies is ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ectopia cordis all or part of heart located outside of chest cavity, abdominial wall defect are:__ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Limb body wall complex also known as__ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rare; contain at least 2 abnormalities: limb defects, anterior body defects; scoliosis; exencephaly; encephalocele; this is extreme form of ABS this is__ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Causes of Limb body wall complex is__ |
|
Definition
| Early amnion rupture, vascular disruption or embryonic dysgenesis, severe anolies and distorted fetal position make sonographic difficult |
|
|
Term
| Bladder Exstrophy associated with anomalies of__ |
|
Definition
Kyphoscoliosis
clubfeet
renal anomalies
genital anomalies as cleft clitoris or epispadias |
|
|
Term
| Sono graphic finding of blader exstrophy are_ |
|
Definition
Inability to id bladder with more than 30min scanning,
Abdominal wall mass
Umbilicus displaced inferiorly
microphallus (abnormal small penis in male)
Seperation of pubic bones |
|
|
Term
| Soft tissue mass protruding from lower anterior abdomnal wall in __ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cloacal exstrophy associated with: |
|
Definition
Imperforate anus
Omphaloceles
Renal agenesis |
|
|
Term
| Urethra opens on dorsum of penis is called__ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Failure of muslce development of anterior abdominal wall with eversion of bladder mucosa is__ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ml defects of infraumbilical anterior abdominal wall |
|
|
Term
| Bladder exstrophy also known as__ |
|
Definition
| Bladder exstrophy epispadias complex (BEEC) |
|
|
Term
| Sono findings in cloacal exstrophy are: |
|
Definition
Large infraumbilical anterior abd wall defect with irregular anterior abdo wall mass
Absent of bladder
Malformation of genitalia
Spina/NTD
Single Umbilical artery |
|
|
Term
| Defect of lower abd wall and anterior wall of urinary bladder in 2 hemibladders and separate by intestinal mucosa and this more complex than bladder exstrophy this is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The cavity lined with endoderm at the posterior end of the body serving as a common passageway for urinary, digestive and reproductive ducts this is__- |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cloacal exstrophy is known as__OEIS |
|
Definition
Omphalocele
Exstrophy
Imperforate anus
Spinal defects |
|
|
Term
| cloacal exstrophy persistence of the infraumbilical cloacal membrane interfering with ____ |
|
Definition
| Normal anterior abd wall closure and failure in the separation of the urogenital septum from the rectum |
|
|
Term
| Sono finding of gastroschisis are |
|
Definition
Full thickness abdo wall defect
paraumbilical location of defect;
usually right side
Small defect (2-4cm)
Free floating loops of bowel in amniotic fluid
no enveloping membrane
|
|
|
Term
| color doppler show the umbilical cord in normal location and adjacent to defect this is ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gastroschisis associated with__ |
|
Definition
Associated with GI problems obstructions or perforations
bowel ischemia may cause bowel perforation |
|
|
Term
| This is usually not asso w increase in chromosomal abnormalities what is this? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gastrochisis is prevalence in__ |
|
Definition
| male from 15-19 is increase risk |
|
|
Term
Gastrochisis is usually on the ___side rare on___
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This opening in all 3 layer of abdo wall with evisceration (herniation) of the bowel and infrequently the liver, usually on right this is __ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
This is midline anterior wall defect usually involving upper abdominal
Ectopic heart
pericardial or pleural effusions
Crainofacial anomalies
Ascites
2vessels cord
Vertebral anomalies
Atrial ventricular septal defects
tetralogy of fallot
Trisomy 13, 18
These are criteria sonographic of___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pentalogy of cantrell has ___ |
|
Definition
Male=female
2 major defects--> Omphalocele and ectopic cordis
3 other abnormalities-->Anterior diaphragmatic hernia, defect of diaphragmatic pericardium, lower sternal defect and this associate with trisomy 18 |
|
|
Term
| A group of congenital disorders having in common the coexistentce of an omphalocele, macroglossia, visceromegaly this is ___ |
|
Definition
| Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome |
|
|
Term
| Sonographic criteria of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome are____ |
|
Definition
Protursion of tongue (macroglossia)
Cardiac anomalies
Postnatal renal tumors (Wilm's)
Placental enlargement or placental chorioangiomas |
|
|
Term
| Midline defect of the anterior abd wall at the level of the umbilicus, allowing herniation of intra abdominal content into the umbilical cord this is__ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Omphalocele is failure of ----- |
|
Definition
| bowel to return to normal intra-abdominal position during 2nd stage of internal rotaion |
|
|
Term
| Prevalence of omphalocele is ___ |
|
Definition
increased in AMA (advanced maternal age)
35-40 yrs
Male:femal=1:1 ratio |
|
|
Term
| Omphalocele is usually contain___ |
|
Definition
| small bowel, may contain liver spleen, stomach or colon |
|
|
Term
| Omphalocele covered by membrane composed of___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Repairs of this is usually successful accurate determination of associated anomalies is most important factor for fetal survival this is ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Omphalocele associated with __ |
|
Definition
| beckwith weidemann syndrome, chromsomal abnormalities with trisomies 13 and 18 most frequent |
|
|
Term
| This defect is common with omphalocele these are__ |
|
Definition
| Cardiac defect (most common) then other is GI GU CNS or cleft, spinal or vertebral clubfoot |
|
|
Term
| Counseling and fetal echo recommended in risk of still birth of __- |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What should do with omphalocele? |
|
Definition
| Doc size, contents location of defect |
|
|
Term
| Color doppler show umbilical cord insertion on ML ventral wall mass this is hint for __ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sonographic findings criteria dx o omphalocele are___ |
|
Definition
Central ant abdo wall defect containing bowel/solid viscera
mass encompassed by umbilical cord
Limiting membrane covering the defect
|
|
|
