brady-

• Meaning: Slow
• • Example: Bradycardia – a slow heart rate (below 60 beats per minute).

endo-

• Meaning: Inside, within
• Example: Endocarditis – inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

epi-

• Meaning: Upon, over, on top
• Example: Epicardium – the outer layer of the heart

hyper-

• Meaning: Excessive, above normal
• • Example: Hyperlipidemia – elevated levels of lipids in the blood.

• hypo-
  • Meaning: under or below
  • Example: orthostatic hypotension – low blood pressure that occurs upon standing up.

• peri-
  • Meaning: Around
  • Example: Pericardium – the membranous sac that contains the heart

tachy-

• Meaning: Fast
• Example: Tachycardia – a fast heart rate (over 100 beats per minute)

• a-
  • Meaning: Without
  • Example: Aphasia – a condition characterized by the complete loss of ability to speak or understand language.

• an-
  • Meaning: Without, not
  • Example: Anencephaly – a condition where a major portion of the brain, skull, and scalp is absent.

• dys-
  • Meaning: Difficult, painful, abnormal
  • Example: Dysphasia – difficulty speaking.

• hemi-
  • Meaning: Half
  • Example: Hemiparesis – weakness on one side of the body.

hyper-

• Meaning: Excessive, above normal
• Example: Hyperreflexia – exaggerated reflexes

in-

• Meaning: Not, inward
• Example: Insomnia – inability to sleep.

• inter-
  • Meaning: Between
  • Example: Interneuron – a neuron that transmits signals between other neurons.

intra-

• Meaning: Within, inside
• Example: Intracranial – located or occurring within the skull

• pan-
  • Meaning: All, entire
  • Example: Panhypopituitarism – decreased function of all pituitary hormones, affecting the nervous system.

• para-
  • Meaning: Beside, abnormal
  • Example: Paraplegia – paralysis of the lower half of the body.

• poly-
  • Meaning: Many
  • Example: Polyneuropathy – damage or disease affecting multiple nerves.

• post-
  • Meaning: After
  • Example: Postictal – the state following a seizure.

• pre-
  • Meaning: Before
  • Example: Presynaptic – relating to the area before a synapse.

• sub-
  • Meaning: Under, below
  • Example: Subdural – located beneath the dura mater, a membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord.