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| The love for one's country, all citizens patriotism brought together. Seen when the Serb's assassinate archduke Ferdinand. |
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| the idea that people of the same ethnic origins, language, and political views should be able to form sovereign states. Seen when Serbia wanted to join with part of Austria-Hungary because the people in this area were Serb's and spoke the same language as people of Serbia. |
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| disputes between 2 or more countries. The main national rivalry was between great britian and Germany in their arm’s/ naval race and colonial disputes before the war |
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| the fighting of countries for control of the most land in order to gain power. Ties back to national rivalries and the dispute between britian and germany for power. |
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| depicting your country as the good guys and slandering enemy countries in order to get public support of the war. The French made a propaganda poster calling the german’s the “heros of Belgium” and depicted the germans as ape like creatures. |
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| an alliance is an agreement between countries to fight together against a common enemy. This is seen in the formation of the Central Powers (Germany and Austria-Hungary) and The Allies (GB, France, Russia, and eventually USA) Its also seen between Russia and the Serb’s |
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| The French military strategy. It was a plan of just attacking and all offensive maneuvers. Didn’t work. |
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| The German military strategy. They planned to knockout France through Belgium. Didn’t work. |
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| The western front ran from the English channel down to south Italy. Here French, british, and Italian militaries fought the germans in a stalemate war. |
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| The eastern front was fought throughout the Balkans. This front had more fighting, more fluid. Here the german and Austria-hunagiran militaries fought Balkan and Russian militaries. |
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| a deadly territory between the opposing trenches that was seen mainly in the western front. Soldiers had to cross a vast area that was covered in shell craters, cadavers, body parts, poisonous gas, machine gun fire, and if you made it to the other side you had to cross barbed wire to get into the enemy trench. |
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| Demands issued by Japan to China. It stated that China would become one of Japan’s colonies and be japan’s protection barrier. China agreed to some points but not others. British told china to not agree and that they would protect them. |
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| Revolution that took place in Russia during the month of February. This revolution occurred because of the dislike of Rasputin and the leadership skills of the Tsar. |
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| A revolution in Russia that took place during the month of October. This revolution is also known as the Bolshevik revolution because it is when Lenin decided to rally up the Bolshevik’s and take over Russia, which he succeded in doing. |
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| Russia was to be the protector of all Slavik countries. This is seen when Germany threatens Serbia and Russia says they will go to war with Serbia if Germany goes to war with them. |
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| Marx’s Material Concept of history |
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| (Chart). Believes we are in a capitalist society now but in the future the workers are going to over throw the capitalists and be the majority and start a communist society. Capitalism=me society, communism=we society. |
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| The use of submarines in a war. Unrestricted submarine warefare was used by the germans continuously on allied commercial shipping in order to cut off supplies to the allied powers. *reason the usa got involved in the war*. |
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| Russian communist party (Russian Social Democratic Workers’ party) led by Lenin. Took over the Russian government after the Tsar and the Mensheviks were defeated. AKA the reds. Was only willing to cooperate with other communist groups. |
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| the other side of the same communist party as Lenin. Lost the fight against Lenin and the Bolsheviks for the right to rule the Russian government. AKA the whites. Was willing to cooperate with non-communist groups. |
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| Wilson’s proposal for an end of the war peace settlement. Were put forth to be used as a base for all treaties in the future. The Allies didn’t except most of the ideas because it went against their secret wartime agreements. But they liked the idea of the league of nations. |
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| Made by the Allies for Germany. Violates the 14 points, harsh, and ultimately destroyed the German economy. *sparked the fire of Hitler and he used this as an excuse for revenger in WWII* |
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| Woodrow Wilson’s idea as seen in the 14 points. An organized group of the leaders of powerful countries in order to keep peace in the future. Senate denied US to join the league. |
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| The expansion of a countries power through colonization. This is seen during the colonial disputes between Britian and Germany and also in the secret war time agreement that some of the allied powers had. |
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| Post Great War citizens. Made up of intellectuals and literary people who wrote about how the war didn’t accomplish anything. An example of one of the writers is Hemingway. |
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| The crash on Wall Street. It was the most devastating stock market crash in history. Many people sold their stocks at the same time because they were overvalued, this caused the prices in stocks to plummet. Many people lost a lot of money, even their life savings. |
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| Political practice in hopes of becoming economically self-sufficient. Governments began to impose tariff barriers, import quotas, and import prohibitions. US passed a tariff and therefore all other nations tariffed the US. |
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| a long recession in the economy. The Europeans were involved in the Great Depression because of all the war time loans that had to be paid off but couldn’t be. |
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| FDR’s idea to pull the US out of the depression. Was made up of many different programs that allowed the government to step in in-order to protect the social and economical walfare of the people. Socialist. |
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| The war between the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks in a fight over power of Russia. All other countries were in favor of the Mensheviks and sent them supplies. The Bolsheviks defeated the Mensheviks and Lenin ruled Russia. |
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| Lenin’s first economic plan of jumping into communism. This plan stated that the government takes over everything. He targets peasants. All the food that the peasants farm go straight to the government to feed people in the cities. |
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| Lenin’s new economic plan to fix his war communism plan. This plan was pro-peasant and it combined capitalism and socialism. Farmers still had to work on the mega fam but also got their own plot of land in order to grow their own produce. Farmers, merchants, and industries were allowed to sell on the open market. The government still had control of big industries. |
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| Stalin’s economic plans to replace The New Economic Plan put in place by Lenin. The plan was to rapidly grow the economy of the USSR and turn the USSR from a mostly agricultural country to a leading industrial power. The second Five year Plan allowed peasants to have their own plot of land for themselves but still had to work on mega farms. |
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| Many people resented Stalin after the Five Year Plan and this made Stalin paranoid that someone would try to take his position, therefore he had people of rank in Russia killed or put in labor camps if he thought they were against him. |
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| Worship of the state and devotion to a strong leader. Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler are primes examples of fascist leaders. |
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| A political party in Germany. This is the political party that Hitler ran for. |
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| Prominent peace leader during this time. Wanted peace and started a movement to get the British out of India. Also wanted to eliminate the cast system in India. |
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| War for power over China after the death of Sun Yatsen. Chiang Kai-shek was put in power but Mao wanted to be in power and wants China to become Communist. Mao wins and China becomes a communist country. |
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| One of Lenin’s slogan’s. Lenin said this to get the support of the Russian people during the October revolution. |
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| “To make the world safe for democracy” |
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| One of Wilson’s slogan’s. Wilson said this as the reason as for why USA is getting involved in the war. |
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| Anti-sematic laws passed in Nazi Germany. These laws took away and kept away the German jews citizenship and prohibited marriage between jews and other germans. |
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| The book Hitler wrote in jail. Translated to “My Struggle”. Was his basis of his Nazi leadership. |
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| alliance of several countries to strengthen the security of each other. This is seen in the alliances during WWI such as the allies and the central powers. |
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| The abolishing of private ownership. This is seen in Russia in the collectivization of agriculture. This collectivization forced farmers to work on mega farms for the government. Under Stalin. Ship out produce, bring in machines. |
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| To make someone god like. The Russian government made Lenin after his death seem as if he was a god by preserving his body and putting it on display. |
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| Leader of the Bolshevik party and ultimately Russia. Took Russia out of WWI. Followed Marx and turned Russia into a socialist country after fighting in many civil wars. |
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| Leader of Russia after Lenin. Set forth The Five Year Plans, Collectivization of agriculture, and The Great Purge. |
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| Archduke of Austria. Visited Serbia to try and make peace with the Serb’s because they wanted to unite with other Serb’s of Austria. Was assassinated by Gavrilo Princip of the Black Hand (spark of the war). |
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| French socialist before the great war. Didn’t want the war to take place. Stated that the money that would go into the war should be going to the less fortunate people in the respective countries. |
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| Kaiser and leader of Germany during WWI. Had a shriveled arm, reason for why he needed to be the most powerful leader. Wanted a strong Navy like Britian, start of the arms race between the two countries. |
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| Race for bigger and better weapons between countries. Race between Britian and Germany for the most powerful Navy. A cause of the war. |
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| type of fighting style in which enemies fight from trenches. This type of fighting style was seen in the Western front of the war. Reason as for why the Western front was a stalemate for a long time. |
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| Fascist Italian dictator. Led fascist armed squad called the blacks in order to take over Italy. Was put in place of prime minister, then he took over the ruling of Italy completely. Made fascism the only party allowed in Italy. |
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| Fascist German leader under the Nazi party. Was Austrian born. Did poor in school. Was put in jail and wrote a book. Hated jews, liberals, democracy, and Marxism. Used the treaty of versialles as an excuse for revenge on other countries. |
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| Democratic leader of China. Opposed communism. Died and eventually Mao took over China and turned it into a Communist country. |
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| Chinese leader after Sun Yatsen. Opposed communism, friend of the US. Goes to war with Mao, Mao wins. He fleas to Taiwan to make it a Democratic China. |
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| Becomes the communist leader of China. Gathers up other communits and hides away until his army is big and strong enough, then he over throws Chiang Kai-shek. |
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| Marxist theory of the clashes of socio economical matters/classes. The Russians under the Tsar adopted this theory. |
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| The last Tsar of Russia. He didn’t want to be Tsar. Got Russia into the war. Was not a good leader. Eventually persuaded by the Duma to give up the throne. Him and his family moved out of Russia and eventually killed by Lenin’s people. |
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| Said to be a holy man and a healer. Alexandra seeks help from Rasputin for her son Alexi’s hemophelia. When the Tsar is away he ends up helping Alexandra make executive decisions. Many high ranked people in Russia did not like Rasputin and ultimately killed him. |
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| Nationalism, Self-determination, National rivalries, Colonial disputes, arms/naval race The assassination of archduke Ferdinand, Struggle over power in Europe as a whole |
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