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Definition
October 24, 1929
panic-rescued by a bunch of bankers who bought stocks to bring the prices back up |
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October 29, 1929
news spreads of the Black Tuesday save and the market tanks again |
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| Overproduction/Underconsumption, Corporate Debt,Speculation, Lack of Recovery in Farming, International Problems |
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| President’s Organization on Unemployment Relief–Asked for private donations for relief, but not very successful. |
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| This was more successful, as Hoover’s encouragement of public works did indeed provide new jobs. |
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| The FFB lent money to cooperatives so they could buy crops and thus keep them off the market. |
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| Reconstruction Finance Corporation |
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Definition
| Theoretically, through lending money to groups at the top of the economy, the RFC was going to help people all over via filter-down system, but it didn’t work. |
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| raised tariffs ultra high and therefore totally killed off foreign trade |
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| decreased expenditures and increased taxes |
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| Presidential Election of 1932 |
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Hoover-(R)vs. FDR-(D)
FDR wins |
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| WWI vets marched to Washington to ask for their pensions and had the army turn on them |
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Term
| Emergency Banking Relief Bill |
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Definition
| reopening of solvent banks and the reorganization of screwed up ones, and prohibited the hoarding of gold |
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| balanced the budget by reducing veterans’ pensions and federal employees’ pay |
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| began in March 1933, and began with a message urging Americans to return their savings to banks |
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| deflationary measure imposed new taxes on the sale of wines/beers |
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| Agricultural Adjustment Act |
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Definition
| restore farmers’ purchasing power; gov’t pay farmers to reduce the amount of crops sold |
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Term
| Farm Credit Act & Home Owners Refinancing Act |
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Definition
| FCA provided short/medium loans to farmers so that they could keep their land, and the HORA helped home mortgages |
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Term
| National Recovery Administration |
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Definition
| regulated business through establishing fair production codes, limiting production and pricing, and guaranteeing the right of workers to unionize and bargain collectively |
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Term
| Federal Securities Act & Banking Act of 1933 |
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Definition
| FSA enforced rules among brokers, and the Banking Act set up the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation |
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| Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation |
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| established federal supervision of public lands |
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| conservative Democrats and corporation leaders-believed New Deal was destroying American individualistic tradition |
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| Commodity Credit Corporation |
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Definition
| lent farmers money for keeping under-priced crops off the market |
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| Roman Catholic priest who specialized in anti-communism, anti-capitalism, and Antisemitism |
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| Old Age Revolving Pensions Plan |
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Share Our Wealth Society-100% tax rate on incomes over a million
was assassinated |
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| bashed business more than first New Deal |
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Term
| Emergency Relief Appropriation Act |
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Definition
| public works projects of the unemployed |
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Term
| Works Progress/Projects Administration |
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Definition
| major public works organization also sponsored cultural programs that brought art to people by employing artists |
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| established the National Labor Relations Board |
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| National Labor Relations Board |
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Definition
| empowered to guarantee democratic union elections and stop unfair labor practices |
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Definition
| established old-age insurance in which workers paid taxes out of their wages |
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Term
| Presidential Election of 1936 |
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Definition
FDR vs. Alf Landon
FDR wins-FDR’s supporters known as New Deal Coalition-consisted of urban, immigrant workers, organized labor, “Solid South,” and northern blacks |
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| quits AFL and forms Coalition for Industrial Organization |
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| strikers in front of Republic Steel plant in Chicago shot by police in 1937 |
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| 1937-Nine black teens arrested for throwing white hobos off a train then accused and convicted by white jury of rape |
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| Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters and Harlem Tenants League |
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Definition
| fought for civil rights and attacked discrimination |
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Term
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| FDR has many black advisers |
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Term
| March on Washington Movement |
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Definition
| 1941-leader of Porters Union proposes march on Washington-FDR promises to outlaw discrimination in war industries to get march canceled |
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| Fair Employment Practices Committee established by FDR in exchange for march on Washington being canceled |
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| Indian Reorganization/Wheeler-Howard Act |
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Definition
| restored lands to tribal ownership and outlawed its future division |
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| 1921–1922-delegates from several powers discussed naval disarmament-establishes Nine, Five, and Four Power treaties |
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| 1925-used to stop tensions between Germany and France |
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| 1918-Excluded companies set up for export trade from antitrust laws |
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| 1919-Allowed American banks to open foreign branches |
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| 1924-increased the cycle by providing more loans and reducing the yearly repayment. |
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| 1928-reduced Germany’s reparations |
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| forbidding loans to gov’ts not paying back |
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Term
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Definition
| forbidding loans to gov’ts not paying back |
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Term
| Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act |
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Definition
| empowered president to reduce tariffs through special agreements w/foreign countries |
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| Prohibited arms shipments to either side in a war once the president had declared the existence of belligerency |
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| Cash/Carry principle–warring nations trading w/US pay cash for nonmilitary purchases and carry goods in own ships |
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| no recognition of impairment of China's sovereignty |
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| Selective Training and Service Act |
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| 1941-the British by allowing them to borrow money to buy weapons |
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| December 7, 1941-Japanese surprise attack on US Pacific Fleet |
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Term
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December 1943–FDR,Stalin,Churchill meet
discuss opening of a second front in the war |
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| February 1945-FDR,Stalin,Churchill discussed-Poland, dividing Europe |
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| July 1945-Truman,Churchill,Stalin-disarming germany-end of war industries, unconditional surrender of Japan |
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| 1942-established to convert the economy from civilian to military production |
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Definition
| 1942-recruited factory workers |
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Term
| War Labor/Smith-Connally Act |
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Definition
| 1943-gave the president authority to seize and operate plants w/strikes if needed |
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Term
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Definition
| 1947-permitted states to ban union-shop agreements |
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Term
| Presidential Election of 1948 |
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Definition
Truman-(D)vs Dewey-(R)vs Henry Wallace-Progressive vs Strom Thurmond-Dixiecrat
Truman Wins |
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| gave farmers 90% of the market price as supports |
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| 1949-Gov. Pays for soldiers college |
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| allow more refugees into the country |
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| War Hero of Pacific, Commander in Korea, advocated total war against commies and use of A-bomb, fired by Truman |
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Term
| Presidential Election of 1952 |
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Definition
Eisenhower/NIXON (R) vs Adlai Stevenson
Ike Wins |
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Term
| Atomic Energy Act of 1954 |
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Definition
| gave private companies the right to use nuclear power |
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Term
| Presidential Election of 1956 |
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Definition
Ike vs Stevenson
Ike again |
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Term
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| mass hysteria and overreaction to the idea of the Communist threat |
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Term
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Definition
| Alger Hiss accused by confirmed spy Whittaker Chambers of giving classified documents-convicted of perjury |
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| Julius & Ethel Rosenberg Case |
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Definition
| 1950-Rosenbergs accused of passing atomic secrets to the USSR and were executed in 1953 |
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| 1954-effectively made membership in the Communist Party illegal |
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Term
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| 1944-White-only Democratic Primaries in some states were outlawed |
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Definition
| 1946-No more segregation in interstate bus transportation |
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| 1948-Outlawed agreements among white not to sell houses to blacks |
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| Brown v. Board of Education |
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Definition
| 1954-separate facilities denied kids equal protection under the law |
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| 1957-the US Commission Civil Rights to investigate discrimination-ineffective |
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| productivity increased,people wanted more stuff,used consumer credit to keep buying,more profits and paychecks, more consumerism |
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| 1947-huge European recovery program-money given to be spent on American products |
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| 1947-created the Office of Secretary of Defense & CIA |
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Term
| Rio Pact & Organization of American States |
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Definition
| 1947/1948-Alliances in Latin America, protect American interests, boost the militaries of LA states |
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| Truman recognizes Israel in 1948-gains ally and Jewish votes |
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| 1948-France,GB merge German zones-USSR blocks off Berlin-all western supplies airlifted out |
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| 1949-3rd world aid program |
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| 1950-response to Red China and Russian A-bomb, more $$$ to military |
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| 1949-Western Europe security pact |
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| internet of the 20th century |
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| break down of old-world empires |
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| rejected conformity and embraced sexuality and drugs |
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| US would give up its atomic monopoly if all the world’s fissionable materials were given to an agency |
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| US backs both Greece and Turkey |
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| Article on containment of Soviet power,confronting USSR anywhere they showed signs of expansion |
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| 1950-1953 UN forces settle war in Korea-status quo ante bellum |
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| used to covertly subvert 3rd world governments |
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| 1958-response to sputnik-arms race-hydrogen bombs and ICBMs |
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Term
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| Khrushchev threatens East German control of Berlin unless talks begin on German reunification and rearmament |
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| 1955-authorized the president to send US forces to defend the islands |
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| 1959-US pawn Batista out-Commie Castro in |
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| Puerto Rico-companies to invest in tourism and other industries |
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| 1954-french forces surrender to Ho Chi Minh |
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| south Vietnamese guerrillas funded by Ho Chi Minh |
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