Term
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Definition
| elimination of alcohol, the “noble experiment”-trying to create morals/attempt to eliminate abuse at home |
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Term
| What amendment was Prohibition? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| 1919: defines alcoholic beverage as ½ of 1% alcohol |
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Term
| When did the Volstead Act go into effect? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Who did not support Prohibition? |
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Definition
| Larger eastern cities, foreign-born |
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Term
| Who did support Prohibition? Why? |
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Definition
| South and the Midwest, religion and to keep alcohol away from blacks |
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Term
| How do people get alcohol? |
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Definition
| Bootleggers, speakeasies, mobs, crime |
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Term
| Order of presidents (20, 24, 28) |
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Definition
| Harding, Coolidge, Hoover |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Significant events of Harding's administration |
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Definition
| Veteran's Bureau, Washington Conference, Fordney-McCumber Tarriff, tea pot dome scandal |
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Term
| Veteran's Bureau: year and purpose |
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Definition
| Established 1921 to operate hospitals and provide vocational rehabilitation for the disabled |
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Term
| Washington Conference: year, treaty, ratios |
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Definition
| 1921-22, 5 power agreement providing for partial naval disarmament, limited production of capital ships (battleships), 5-5-3-1.67-1.67 (Britain-US-Japan-France-Italy) |
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Term
| Fordney-McCumber Tarriff: year, purpose |
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Definition
| 1922-creates a higher tariff |
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Term
| Tea Pot Dome Scandal: who, what happened, results |
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Definition
| Albert Fall, secretary of interior, gave oil reserves to men to take the oil out of them, receives loans and gifts, jailed, Harding orders him to get out of DC, goes on speaking terms, visits Alaska, is in Seattle and gets food poisoning and dies of a heart attack |
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Term
| Significant events of Coolidge's administration |
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Definition
| Kellog-Briand Pact, international debt, Dawes Plan of 1924 |
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Term
| Election of 1924: candidates, slogan |
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Definition
| Coolidge ("Keep cool with Coolidge"), John Davis (Dem), Robert Lafollette (Prog) |
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Term
| Policy/Cabinet (Coolidge): people, policy, econimics |
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Definition
| Kept Hoover and Melon, business oriented policy, triple down economics |
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Term
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Definition
| Stimulation of investment and increased production to increase prosperity for all |
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Term
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Definition
| Arranged for over 60 nations to sign a pact outlawing war, lacked any provision for enforcement |
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Term
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Definition
| European nations (including Allies) having trouble paying war loans and debt, France/GB want to cancel debts, both mad about high tariffs (France=3.5 billion/GB=4 billion), try to get money from Germany |
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Term
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Definition
| US going to reschedule payment plan for Germany, opens way for private loans to Germany |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Modernists vs Fundamentalists |
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Definition
| Modernists attempted to keep Darwin’s theory in school, Fundamentalists believed Bible should be taught verbatim |
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Term
| Scopes-Monkey Trial: date, state, defendant, prosecutor, defense |
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Definition
| May 5th, 1925, Tennessee, John Scopes, William Jennings Briant, Clarence Darrow |
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Term
| Result of Scopes-Monkey Trial |
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Definition
| Fundamentalists won but were weakened because of the absurdities of the trial. Scopes fined $100 which was omitted because of a technicality |
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Term
|
Definition
| American Civil Liberties Union |
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Term
| Cause of roaring 20s boom |
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Definition
| Condition of Europe after the war left us the only truly industrialized power in the world, technology and expansion caused by war developed mass production to a new level of efficiency |
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Term
| New industries of the 20s |
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Definition
| Movies/Cars/Radio/Aviation/Home appliances |
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Term
|
Definition
| don’t have to be in walking distant of your jobs, don’t have to live in city, houses outside of cities show up, night life, drive-ins, biggest invention of the era, assembly line/mass production, youth have more freedom |
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Term
| First flight: date, place, people, |
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Definition
| December 17th, 1903 at Kitty Hawk by Wilbur and Orville Wright |
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Term
|
Definition
| first solo flight across Atlantic from NY to Paris, plane is the Spirit of St. Louis, wanted a $25,000 prize |
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Term
| Radio: first station, first national station |
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Definition
| KDKA in Pennsylvania, NBC |
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Term
|
Definition
| : Instant entertainment, brought US closer, everyone got same info, instant news, good audience for advertising, hear about sports (baseball), impact politics |
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Term
| Election of 1928: candidates, party, winner |
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Definition
| Hoover (Rep), Albert Smith (Dem, Roman Catholic), Hoover wins |
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Term
| Hawley-Smoot Tarriff (Hoover): year, purpose, results |
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Definition
| 1930-began as a fairly reasonable protective measure to assist farmers, by the time the tariff had made it through had acquired many amendments, became highest protective tariff in the nations peacetime history, raised the duty on goods from 38% to 60% |
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Term
| Impact of Hawley-Smoot Tarriff |
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Definition
| Foreigners mad, declaration of economical warfare, reverses trend toward reasonable tariffs and trade, US and other nations into Depression, sent US deeper into economic isolationism |
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Term
| Stock market crash date/nickname |
|
Definition
| Oct 29, 1929, "Black Tuesday" |
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Term
| What caused the Dust Bowl? |
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Definition
| Soil designed for grass but we tried to plant crops, were successful for a while then farmers can harvest crops faster then plant more |
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Term
|
Definition
| market falls out so they plant more to make more and don’t make any profit, very long drought hits so all crops die, then wind comes and blows all of the fine soil, people all get dirt lung/dirt pneumonia, killed tons of people, fill up their stomachs so they can’t digest food, all soil gone, sent dust to NYC |
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Term
| Who were part of the Bonus March and why did they converge on the White House? |
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Definition
| WWI veterans were victims of Great Depression, some turned to govt. to secure premature payment of the deferred bonuses voted by Congress in 1924 that was not payable until 1945 |
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Term
| What did the WWI vets of the Bonus March called, how many, when did they march, what did they do? |
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Definition
| In the summer of ’32, some 20,000 vets called the Bonus Expeditionary Force converged on the capital, set up unsanitary camps and erected shacks on vacant lots called “Hoovervilles” |
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Term
| Did Congress accept the bonus bill? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Who did Hoover say the Bonus Marchers were made up of? |
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Definition
| Reds, riffraff, convicts, and Communist agitators |
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Term
| Who was in charge of clearing out the Bonus Marchers? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What did the US and GB do militarily in the 20s and 30s? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What did Japan, Germany, and Italy do militarily in the 20s and 30s? |
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Definition
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Term
| What year did Japan invade Manchuria? What was its new name? |
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Definition
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Term
| Stemson Doctrine: year, what it was a reaction to, what it said/did |
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Definition
| 1932, reaction to Japanese invasion of Manchuria, said US wouldn't recognize territories acquried by aggression, did nothing "toothless" |
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Term
| Election of 1923: candidates, parties, winner |
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Definition
| FDR (dem, VP John Garner, TX), Hoover (Rep), FDR wins |
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Term
| What were FDR's 1st 100 days focused on? |
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Definition
| Three Rs: Relief, Recovery, Reform |
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Term
| Glass Banking Reform Act: date, what it did |
|
Definition
| June 1933, strengthened Fed Reserve by instituting the Deposit Insurance Corp. |
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Term
| How much did the Deposit Insurance Corp. insure? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| When was Prohibition repealed and what amendment repealed it? |
|
Definition
| Late 1933, 21st amendment |
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|
Term
| Why was Prohibition repealed? |
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Definition
| Didn't work, no one liked it, increased crime |
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Term
| Unemployment Relief Act: date, what org. it created, what it did |
|
Definition
| March 31, 1933, Civilian Conservation Core (CCC), sent young men to work in national parks and other places |
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Term
| Election of 1936: candidates, parties, winner |
|
Definition
| FDR (dem), Alfred Landon (Rep), FDR won |
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|
Term
| Why did blacks vote for Republicans up till 1936? |
|
Definition
| Abraham Lincoln was a Republican and he was credited with freeing the slaves |
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|
Term
| When did blacks change to voting for Democrats and who did they first vote for? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What groups were in FDRs coalition? |
|
Definition
| Blacks, the South, lower class, new immigrants |
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|
Term
| What were the two crisis when FDR came to presidency? |
|
Definition
| The Great Depression and decaying international structure |
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|
Term
| When did the US recognize the Soviet Union and why? |
|
Definition
| 1933, we are worried about Japan and they might help us against the expanding Japanese, also because of trade which would aid US economy (Main) |
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|
Term
| What did the Soviets agree to do in return for US recognition? |
|
Definition
| End their propaganda campaign in the US |
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|
Term
| What was the only actual result of the US recognition of the Soviet Union? |
|
Definition
| The US and the Soviet Union were on speaking terms |
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|
Term
| When did Japan terminate the Washington Naval Treaty? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What did Italy do in 1935? |
|
Definition
| Brutally conquered Ethiopia |
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|
Term
| Why does the US want to stay isolationist? |
|
Definition
| We are still disillusioned over WWI, we feel safe behind our oceans, and we are bitter over defaulted loans from WWI |
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Term
| Nine Committee Report: years, head, purpose, result |
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Definition
| 1934-36, Jerald Nye, investigated US involvement in WWI, shifted blame from German submarines to US bankers/munitions makers |
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Term
| Spanish Civil War: years, group, leader, outcome |
|
Definition
| 1936-37, Falangists, General Francisco Franco, Falangists beat the constitutional monarchy and took over Spain |
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Term
| Who supported the Falangists militarily? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who did the US, GB, and France want to win? Who did they actually support? |
|
Definition
| Constitutional monarchy, no one |
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|
Term
| What did Japan do in 1937? |
|
Definition
| Launched invasion of China's northern provinces |
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Term
| Panay Incident: date, what happened, out reaction, Japan's reaction to our reaction |
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Definition
| Dec 12th, 1937, Japanese sunk US gunboat The Panay/payed for the boat and dead sailors/apologized, US accepted apology and did nothing, Japanese aggression was encouraged |
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|
Term
| When did Hitler and the Nazi party assume power? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did Hitler do in 1935 |
|
Definition
| Violated Treaty of Versailles by introducing compulsory military service (drafting) |
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Term
| What did Germany do in 1936? |
|
Definition
| Remilitarized the Rhineland |
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|
Term
| What did Germany do in March 1938? |
|
Definition
| Invaded and annexed Austria, unite German-speaking people ("Anschluss") |
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|
Term
| What did Hitler demand in September 1938? |
|
Definition
| That Czechoslovakia cede the Sudetan Land to Germany |
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|
Term
| What policy did the western European nations develop in response to Hitler? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Munich Conference: year, who attended and their countries, what was the outcome |
|
Definition
| September 1938, French primier Daladier, British PM Nivel Chamberlain, Hitler, Mussolini (Italy), outcome was Munich Pact |
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Term
|
Definition
| Hitler allowed to annex the Sudeten Land for a promise of no more aggression |
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|
Term
| What does Hitler do in March 1939? |
|
Definition
| Takes over the rest of Czechoslovakia |
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|
Term
| What happened between the Soviet Union and Germany in August 1939? |
|
Definition
| They formed a 10-year non-agression pact |
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|
Term
| When did WWII begin and what event began it? |
|
Definition
| Sep 1, 1939 with the German invasion of Poland |
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|
Term
| Describe the Neutrality Act of 1939 |
|
Definition
| European democracies could buy American war materials but only on a cash and carry basis |
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|
Term
| When does Italy enter the war? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where was the puppet government in France? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Battle of Britain: What type of fight, who vs. who, reason for battle, who wins and how |
|
Definition
| Air force fight, Germans vs British Royal Air Force (RAF), Germans wanted control of skies for help with Operation Sealion, Britain wins with radar |
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Term
| Describe the Selective Service Act |
|
Definition
| Provided for drafting/training each year 1.2 million troops and 800,000 reserves |
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Term
| Describe The America First Committee: include celebrity member |
|
Definition
| Isolationist group, declining number but not silent, Charles Lindbergh was a member |
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Term
| Why did the AFC believe that the US should stay out of WWII? |
|
Definition
| No gains to American way of life, felt US was unprepared to fight a war; air force doesn’t have modern planes, US policy of isolationism dates back to Monroe Doctrine (early 1800s), idea of fate of independent American destiny, US not in danger of invasion if it maintains its strength |
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|
Term
| Election of 1940: candidates, parties, winner |
|
Definition
| FDR (Dem), Wendell Wilkie (Rep), FDR won |
|
|
Term
| What did FDR agree to do for GB in September 1940? |
|
Definition
| Sent 50 old destroyers to GB in return for 8 bases in South and North America |
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Term
|
Definition
| US could lend or lease American arms to the Allies, when the war ended the guns and tanks could be returned |
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|
Term
| What does Congress resend in November 1941? |
|
Definition
| The Neutrality Act of 1939 |
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|
Term
| What was Hitler's biggest mistake and when did he make it? |
|
Definition
| Invading the Soviet Union in June 1941 |
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|
Term
| What did the US do when the Soviets did not immediately surrender to the Germans? |
|
Definition
| Extended the Lend-Lease Act to them |
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|
Term
| Atlantic Charter: when, who, what did the Charter say |
|
Definition
| August 1941, FDR and Churchill, Charter outlined the aspirations of the democracies for a better world at war’s end |
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|
Term
| What materials was Japan dependent on? |
|
Definition
| Oil, aviation gasoline and metals from the US |
|
|
Term
| What did Japan do in July 1941? |
|
Definition
| Occipied French Indochina, threatened colonies of western powers |
|
|
Term
| How does the US respond to Japan's invasion of French Indochina? |
|
Definition
| US freezes Japan's assets in the US and embargo scrap iron/scrap steel/oil |
|
|
Term
| When did the military government take control in Japan? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who replaced PM Konoye in Japan? |
|
Definition
| War Minister General Hideki Tojo |
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|
Term
| What did the US want Japan to do in order to resume trade? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why did Pearl Harbor happen? |
|
Definition
| US cut off oil supply to Japan, so they move toward taking oil reserves in southeast Asia, also needed rubber |
|
|
Term
| What ships were sunk at Pearl Harbor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the Allied strategies in the Pacific and in Europe? |
|
Definition
Pacific=island hopping
Europe=start with Africa and take Germany/Hitler first |
|
|
Term
| What did the attack on Pearl Harbor provide? |
|
Definition
| The national unity the US needed |
|
|
Term
| What got us out of the Depression? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did the War Production Board do? |
|
Definition
| Halted manufacture of nonessential items, assigned priorities for transportaton and access to raw materials |
|
|
Term
| How is inflation taken care of in WWII? |
|
Definition
| The Office of Price Administration is set up and fixes the prices |
|
|
Term
| What does the war boost, work-wise? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What were the Mexican farm workers called and why did they come to the US during WWII |
|
Definition
| Braceros, to replace the manpower farms lost to the war/harvest fruit and grain crop of the west |
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|
Term
| What did the government create in response to the millions of women entering the workforce? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What were the major demographic changes of the US caused by the war? |
|
Definition
| People moved to cities and blacks moved to North and West |
|
|
Term
| What two Armed Forces branches barred blacks at first? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What civil rights organization was founded in 1942 and who headed it? |
|
Definition
| The Congress of Racial Equality, A. Phillip Randolph |
|
|
Term
| When did the Battle of Coral Sea take place? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who won the Battle of Coral Sea but what was scrapped because of the outcome? |
|
Definition
| Japanese won, their invasion of Australia was scrapped because of US defense |
|
|
Term
| What is the turning point of WWII in the Pacific? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the Battle of Midway effectively end? |
|
Definition
| The offensive capabilities of the Japanese |
|
|
Term
| How does the US get an advantage over the U-boats? |
|
Definition
| Convoy merchant vessels, dropping depth charges from destroyers, air patrol, radar, bombing submarine bases, blimps (one of most effective ways, can hover, had bombs), code breaking (Enigma) |
|
|
Term
| When was the U-boat threat neutralized? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who is the German leader in North Africa and what was his nickname? |
|
Definition
| Field Marshal Erwin Rommel, the "Desert Fox" |
|
|
Term
| El Alamein: date, generals, outcome |
|
Definition
| Late October 1942, British General Bernard Montgomery and Rommel, Montgomery beats the Germans and is able to drive them back to Tunisia |
|
|
Term
| What was the turning point of WWII in Europe and the date? |
|
Definition
| Stalingrad, September 1942 |
|
|
Term
| What did the Soviets want the US and GB to do? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do FDR and Churchill do in response to the Soviet's plea for a 2nd front in Europe? |
|
Definition
| Say not yet, open second front in North Africa and go through Sicily and Italy instead |
|
|
Term
| Who leads the Allied forces in North Africa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Casablanca Conference: date, people, what was decided |
|
Definition
| January 1942, FDR and Churchill, decided to step up the war in the Pacific/invade Sicily/insist upon unconditional surrender of the Axis powers |
|
|
Term
| Tehran Conference: people, what was decided |
|
Definition
| FDR Churchill and Stalin (1st meeting all at once), things decided were that Stalin agrees to end the war in the Pacific after Germany was defeated/FDR and Churchill agreed to open second front in Europe/plans for international peace organization/Poland's boundaries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the best plane in the war and by what year had we come up with it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who was the Supreme Allied Commander for Normandy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When was D-Day and what does it signify? |
|
Definition
| June 6th, 1944, invasion of Normandy |
|
|
Term
| Election of 1944: candidates, parties, who won |
|
Definition
| FDR (Dem), Thomas Dewey (Rep), FDR won (4th term) |
|
|
Term
| What and when was Hitler's last ditch effort? |
|
Definition
| The Battle of the Bulge, Dec 16th 1944 |
|
|
Term
| What did Hitler do at the Battle of the Bulge? |
|
Definition
| Threw all his resources at the Americans in the Ardennes Forest |
|
|
Term
| What one city held in the Battle of the Bulge and what military regiment held it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Yalta Conference: date, people, what was decided |
|
Definition
| February 1945, FDR/Stalin/Churchill, they decided to restore territory to the Soviets that they had lost to Japan if the Soviets entered the war against Japan/international peace org/dispute over Poland's boundaries/unanswered reparations from Germany/vague agreement on 4 zones of Germany/unspecified date for the reunification of Germany |
|
|
Term
| When and where did the Allied and Soviet forces meet in WWII? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When did FDR die and why? |
|
Definition
| April 12th, 1945, massive stroke |
|
|
Term
| When and how does Hitler kill himself? |
|
Definition
| April 30th, 1945 with cyanide and by shooting himself |
|
|
Term
| When did Germany surrender unconditionally? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who was the head of the US Navy in the Pacific? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Potsdam Conference: people, what was decided |
|
Definition
| Truman/Atlee/Stalin, Soviet borders of Poland accepted/reparations of Germany-each nation takes what it wants from its zone/Germany=4 zones/Nazi leaders will be tried as criminals |
|
|
Term
| When were Hiroshima and Nagasaki? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
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