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| The highest level of human need according to Maslow |
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| Physical (shelter, food, clothing, water) |
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| The lowest level or most basic needs according to Maslow |
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| Jane, a preschooler, insists on dressing herself each morning for school, even though she generally selects mismatching outfits, misses buttons, and wears her shoes on the wrong feet. When her mother tries to dress Jane or fix her outfit, Jane brushes her mother off and insists on doing it herself. What stage of development best describes Jane’s behavior? |
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| The central theme of Erikson’s was the development of: |
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| At each stage of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, people experience a(n) _________ that serves as a turning point |
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| According to Erikson the stage that occurs between birth and one year of age is concerned with: |
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| Intimacy vs isolation occurs during young adulthood. What is this stage concerned with? |
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| establishing close, long lasting relationships |
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| Identity v identify confusion |
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| knowing who you are, knowing your values and establish a stable role |
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| Eight-year old Steven has a difficult time making friends at school. He has trouble completing his schoolwork accurately and on time, and as a result, receives little positive feedback from his teacher and parents. According to Erikson’s theory, failure at this stage of development results in _____________? |
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| The central conflict in the eighth stage of Erikson’s theory focuses on integrity vs. despair and involves reflecting back on your life. Those who are unsuccessful at resolving this conflict will look back with regret, anger, and bitterness. Those who are successful will feel a sense of satisfaction with the life they have lived. According to Erikson, those who are successful in this stage emerge with ______________. |
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| a feeling they have lived life well, made good decisions and look forward to the rest of life |
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| Being concerned with people other than your immediate family--should see this by middle adulthood |
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| The way a person grows and changes through life |
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| infants and young children |
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| Piaget observed what age group to develop his cognitive theory |
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| Another term for mental or intellectual growth |
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| This theorist developed 8 "tasks" to be accomplished during adolescence/teen years |
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| Developed stages of moral development |
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| ideas about what is "right" and "wrong" |
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| Behavior, decisions and choices are based on avoiding punishment or getting a reward |
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| The lowest stage of Kohlberg's theory of moral development |
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| Moral decisions are based on social rules and expectations, you want others to think well of you and/or you respect laws |
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| Kohlberg's second level of moral development |
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| People base their moral decisions on a personal philosophy, their own moral compass, concerned about human rights and abstract principles like liberty and justice |
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| Kohlberg's third level of moral development; he says most will not reach the highest level |
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| Explaining weakness or failure by giving a socially acceptable excuse/reason |
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| Automatic ways we respond to stressful situations in an effort to protect ourselves emotionally and/or avoid reality |
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| when you blame other people for your failures/transfer emotion from one situation to another |
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| to revert to immature behavior |
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| Pouting, sulking, etc. because you did not get your way is an example of what defense mechanism |
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| Answering a baby's cries promptly with love and concern develops which stage of Erikson's theory? |
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| The first stage of intellectual development according to Piaget |
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| Young children learn best by using their senses, touching, tasting, etc. |
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| The notion that young children are unable to see another point of view |
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| Part of Piaget's theory; a given amount remains the same even if the shape changes |
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| The highest stage of intellectual development according to piaget |
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| What are characteristics of individuals at the formal operational stage? |
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| Think abstractly, solve complex problems, think about solutions, reason about ideas and events of the past and future |
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| What are characteristics of children at the pre operational stage? |
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| Extends from about 2-7; egocentric, have their own logic, the wind is alive, jello is alive, cannot conserve, reverse or classify--all skills needed for math! |
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