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| You can find the volume of any objesct by V=M/D |
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| The attotude of Polaris is equal to your latitude. |
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| Coriolis force deflects things to the right in the northern hemishphere. It and swinging pendulum are proof the earth rotates |
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Definition
| Condensation water vapor changing into liquid water(that would be gas to liquid) |
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| When air rises it cools and forms clouds (if you have condensation nuclear) |
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| Convergent(comes together and rises (Divergent (goes apart, and sinks) Convecection moves air and plates. |
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Definition
Low pressure: Wet weather (warm, rising air, counterclockwise inward)
High Pressure: Dry weather (cool,sinking are, and clockwise outward) |
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| Weather moves west to east |
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| Only sedimentary rocks have fossils |
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| Potential evaporation (EP) depends only on tempature. |
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Definition
| Minerals have different properties because of the way their atoms are arranged |
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| Marin (sea) fossils on mountain tops indicate that the land has been uplifted |
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| The same substance always has the same density, hardness, and streak. |
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Definition
| cold dry air is dense and warm wet air is not |
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| Water expands when it freezes, makes rocks crack (frost action). |
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Definition
| Most changes in the environment are cyclic (represents a pattern) |
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Definition
| Large crystals indicate the rock was formed deep underground (plutonic/intrusive) |
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Definition
| The true shape of the earth is an OBLATE SPHERIOD(matter at the poles) |
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Definition
| The best model of the shape of the earth is a sphere (it is not that oblate) |
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| Index fossils correlate rock outputs. |
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Definition
| To determine the earth's circumfrerence, the altitude of the sun at TWO locations is needed |
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Definition
| Latitude likes go east west (the equator) measred with star angles |
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| Longitude lines go noth-south (Prime Meridian) measured with clock set to GMT Longitude is based on observations of the sun (earth rotates 15 degrees/hour) |
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Term
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Definition
| Use the Reference Tables. Many answers are ther-take your time you have 3 hours and cannot leave fore 2 hours |
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Definition
| The close isolines (countour-issobar-isotherm) are, the steeper the slope or gradient, the faster the wind. |
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Term
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Definition
| The earth revoloves counterclockwise (365 1/4 days = 1 degree/day) |
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Definition
| All celestial objects APPEAR to move to the west (example out sun) |
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| The moon has phases because of the angle at which we view its surface (Remember though:half is always lit). Solar eclipse=Sun moon Eart; Luner eclipse= sun Eaerth moon |
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Definition
| Revolve (orit is not the same as rotate (spin). Tilt of axis and revolution causes seasons. Rotation causes day and night |
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| Summer solstice-June21-16 hours daylight-sun rises north of east-vertical ray on 23 1/2 degrees North, Tropic of Cancer. |
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| Winter solstice-December 21-8 hours of daylight-sun rises sout of east-vertical ray on 23 1/2 segress Soutn, Tropic of Capricorn |
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Term
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Definition
| Equinoxes-vernal-March 21, Autumnal-Setember 23, 12 hours daylight, sun rises due east, vertical ray on equator. |
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Definition
| Equator always has 12 hours of daylight |
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Term
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Definition
| The lower the altitude of the sun, the longer shadow it casts |
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Term
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Definition
There are two evidences that Earth roatates:
Focault's Pendulum:appears to change its direction of swing
Coriolic Effect: deflects to the right in the N. hemisphere |
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Term
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Definition
| Earth is closer to the sun in winter. It is hotter in the summer because of the tilt. |
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Definition
| Silicates are the Earth's most common minerals-silicon oxygen tetrahedgron is the building block. |
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Term
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Definition
| The closer a planet is to the sun, the faster it orbits. |
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Term
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Definition
| Geocentri:earth centered universe Heliocentric:sun centered |
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Definition
| Black absorbs/white reflects, a good absorber is a good radiator |
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Definition
| Contact Metamorphism:bakes the older rock around the intrusion (younger) |
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| Convection: through fluids (gases, liquids) due to density differences (causes crustal plates to move) |
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| youngest rock is at the ocean ridges, older towards the continents |
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| Wind blow from high pressure towards low pressure |
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| Ocean floor is made of basalt- continents are made mostly of granite |
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Definition
| Earth recieves visiable light & UV (short waves), after it is absorbed it turns into infrared (long waves) |
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Definition
| Two air masses meet at a front, it rains |
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Term
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Definition
| "cP is cold and dry, comes from canada gives us cold fronts, thunder storms, hail and cumulus clouds |
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Term
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Definition
| Carbon dioxide and water vapor absorb infrared radiation (greenhouse) |
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Term
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Definition
| "mT" air comes from the Gulf of Mexico, warm froms, drizzle, and humidty. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hottest part of the year is after June 21 (time lag) |
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Term
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Definition
| Hottest part of the day is adter 12 noon (time lag) |
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Term
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Definition
| Cold and Warm fronts form a cyclone (low pressure system) |
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Term
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Definition
| As moisture content increases, air pressure decreases. |
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Term
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Definition
| Air pressure decreases with altitude. |
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Term
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Definition
| Highs are cool and dry; lows are warm and wet |
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Term
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Definition
| Wet climates give us rounded landscapes, dry are the opposite |
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Term
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Definition
| The sun appears to move 45 degrees in 3 hours because we roatate 15-degrees/hour |
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Term
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Definition
| Wind is named for the direction it is coming from |
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Term
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Definition
| Highs are regions of divergence |
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Term
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Definition
| Lows are regions of convergence |
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Term
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Definition
| The closer the air temperature is to the dew point temperature, the greater the change of precipitation |
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Term
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Definition
| It rains at and just behind a Cold Front, heavy rain for 2-3 hours |
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Term
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Definition
| It rains at and ahead of a Warm From, drizzle for 24-48 hours |
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Term
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Definition
| All needed formulas are in the ESRT-first page |
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Term
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Definition
| The earth is approximately 4.5 BY old life only the last .5 BY |
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Term
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Definition
| The longest ERA of time is the Pre Cambrian |
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Term
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Definition
| Cold fronts move the fastest. |
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Term
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Definition
| The rcok cycle (ESRT) explains the origion of each type of rock. |
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Term
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Definition
| Seismic waves tell us about the interior of the Earth |
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Term
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Definition
| P waves move faster (travel through everything), S-waves will not go though the outer core because it is a liquid |
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Term
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Definition
| A river flows out of the Vs of contour line, opposite the way they point |
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Term
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Definition
| Precipitation cleans the air, pollution is the raindrops condensation nuclier |
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Term
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Definition
| It is wet on the windward side of a mountain |
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Term
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Definition
| The sun never reaches zenith (directly overhead) in NYS, you must live between 23.5 North and 23.5 Sount for this to happen |
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Term
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Definition
| Weathering is the breaking up of rocks both physically and chemically |
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Term
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Definition
| Water bodies moderate temperature (warmer in the winter and cooler in the summer) |
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Term
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Definition
| Eroision is the movement of weathered materials, depostition is the dropping of those materials. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gravity is behind all erosion |
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Term
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Definition
| Streams are the number on agent of erosion, they erode on the outside curve and deposit on the inside curve. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stream veloscity depends on slope and discharge (volume of water). |
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Term
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Definition
| Velocity is faster just below the surface of a stream above its deepest part this is towards the outside of meaner bend |
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Term
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Definition
| Heavy-dense-round particles settle out first in water |
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Term
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Definition
| Graded bedding (vertical sorting) biggest sediments on the bottom |
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Term
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Definition
| Glacial sediments are unsorted, scratched, U-shaped valley. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stream deposits are sorted, round and smooth, V shaped valley |
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Term
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Definition
| Sedimentary rocks-strata-flat layers |
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Term
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Definition
Igneous rocks:
cool fast (extrusive)-small crystals
cool slow (intrusive)-large crystals |
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Term
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Definition
| Metamorphic rocks: banding-distorted structure when they are foliated. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mineral properties depend on internal arrangement of atoms. |
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Term
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Definition
| Silicon-oxygen tetrahedron:basic unit |
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Term
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Definition
| At the ocean ridges plates are divergin-coming apart-volcanoes and earthquakes |
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Term
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Definition
| Mid-ocean ridges: crust created |
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Term
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Definition
| Trenches: crust destroyed. plates are converging, earthquakes and volcanoes, ring of fire |
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Term
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Definition
| Need three seismometer stations to locate an epicenter |
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Term
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Definition
| Undisturbed strata: bottom layer is oldest |
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Term
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Definition
| Intrusions and faults are younder than the rock they are in |
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Term
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Definition
| Unconformity: erosion surface |
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Term
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Definition
| Arid landscape: steep slopes, rugges landscape, more physical weathering |
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Definition
| Humid landscape:smooth, rounded slopes, more chemical weathering of limestone |
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