Term
| Which factors are important in establishing a clinical diagnosis of dementia> |
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Definition
1) A good clinical history
2) Collateral information
3) A dementia screen
4) Brain scans
5) Neuropschological testing of cognitive functions |
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Term
| What is the puropose of a dementia screen? |
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Definition
| To exclude treatable causes of dementia (hypothyroidism, infection or liver disease) |
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Term
| What brain scans are used in the diagnosis of dementia? |
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Definition
| A CT scan and a SPECT scan |
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Term
| What is a SPECT scan used for? |
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Definition
| Identifying vascular pathology |
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Term
| What is a CT scan used for? |
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Definition
| Identifying cortical atrophy or ventricular dilation |
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Term
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Definition
1) Orientation
2) Registration
3) Attention and calculation
4) Recalls
5) Language
6) Read and obey |
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Term
| What does local cognitive testing involve? |
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Definition
1) Frontal lobe function
2) Languange function
3) Parietal function |
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Term
| What does global cognitive testing involve? |
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Definition
1) Orientation
2) Memory
3) Concentration |
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Term
| How are registration and recall affected in early dementia? |
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Definition
| Recall is impaired whilst registration is resonable |
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Term
| Which area of the brain does memory depend upon? |
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Definition
| The medial temporal lobe, especially the hippocampus |
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Term
| What 2 types of memory are there? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is it important to distinguish learning from remembering? |
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Definition
| Learning is typically the earliest impairment |
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Term
| What is the role of the frontal lobe? |
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Definition
| Flexibilty, planning and sequencing. Damage results in apathy and disinhibition |
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Term
| How do you test frontal lobe function? |
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Definition
1) 3 stage command
2) Verbal fluency
3) Abstraction
4) Response inhibition |
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Term
| How would you test response inhibition? |
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Definition
| The luria 3 step test and the alternating hand movements test |
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Term
| What does parietal lobe damage result in? |
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Definition
1) Dyspraxia
2) Ideomotor dyspraxia
3) Constructional dyspraxia |
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Term
| How do you assess parietal lobe function? |
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Definition
| The clock drawing test and the Rey complex figure test |
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Term
| Which areas of the brain are associated with language function? |
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Definition
| The frontal and temporal areas of the dominant hemisphere |
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Term
| How do you test language function? |
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Definition
1) Observe word finding problems in speech
2) Test naming of objects
3) Repetition of sentences
4) Read and comprehend a sentence
5) Write a sentence (also tests dysgraphia) |
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Term
| What MMSE score is indicative of dementia? |
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Definition
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