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| The place Muslims and Christians were fighting over |
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| Spread from Asia to Europe from 1347 to 1351 by fleas |
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| When Mohammed fled to the city of Medina |
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| The requirements for faith, prayer, charity, fasting, and pilgrimmage |
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| The two branches of Islam |
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| Located in west Africa, near the Niger River, and invaded by the Muslims in 1076 |
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| Leaders controlled gold and salt mines in 1240. Its leaders converted to Islam, but many people retained traditional religious beliefs |
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| This group captured Timbuktu in 1464, and only lasted 130 years, when it was invaded by the Moroccans, who used gunpowder and muskets to defeat them |
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| A trade between merchants exchanging large blocks for each other |
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| Expanded the kingdom by bringing Muslim scholars and architects to Mali |
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| Role of Boys and Girls in Africa |
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| Separated from the community and given special ceremonies at puberty |
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| Role of Marriage in Africa |
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| Tang and Song Achievements |
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Block printing, the crossbow, gunpowder, and the abacus
Porcelain, and painting with black ink on silk |
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Must obey fathers, husbands, and sons
Could earn respect by birthing sons |
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| Wrapping of feet to produce small feet, which was considered attractive for wealthy women |
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| Discovered by Muslim scholars |
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| Barrier between African and Mediterranean worlds, but could be crossed using camels |
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| Important African city because of its location on the gold-salt trade routes |
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| Suffered under a long period of turmoil after this event, during which several warring kingdoms rose and fell |
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| A golden age in China because of peace and prosperity, and development of the arts |
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