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| What Is the NFPA standard for Automotive Fire Apparatus? |
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When driving defensively what are 5 key factors to remember?
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1.Aim high in steering
2.Get the big picture
3. Keep your eyes moving
4.leave yourself an out
5. make sure others can see and hear you.
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| sum of the drivers reaction distance and the vehicles braking distance |
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| the distance a vehicle travels while a driver is transferring the foot from the accelerator to the brake pedal after perceiving the need for stopping |
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| distance vehicle travels from time brakes are applied until apparatus comes to a complete stop. |
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| Law of Inertia (pertaining to weight transfer) |
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Definition
| object in motion tend to remain in motion; objects at rest tend to remain at rest unless acted upon by an outside force. |
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| most common causes of skids |
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Definition
1.driving too fact for road conditions
2.failing to properly appreciate weight shifts
3.failing to anticipate obstacles
4. improper use of auxiliary braking devices
5. improper maintenance of tire air pressure and adequate tread depth
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Term
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Definition
1.always travel in the innermost lane on multilane roads
2.avoid passing vehicles on their right side
3.make sure you can see that the opposing lanes of traffic are clear of oncoming traffic if you must cross the center line.
4. avoid passing other emergency vehicles if at all possible.
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Term
| when more than one emergency unit is going to the same location they should travel ......... |
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| dual pumping operations (tandem) |
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Definition
| one strong hydrant supplies two pumpers. |
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| when beginning a wildland attack the point you begin your attack from is |
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| when visibility is low during wildland ops |
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Definition
| you should have spotters that are equipped with reliable hand lights, wear highly visible clothing and stay within view at all times. |
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| when at a wildland incident engines should be placed |
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Definition
| in safety zone and not left unattended at fires |
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| what are the control zones that are essential for a hazardous materials incident |
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Definition
Hazard area
Hot zone
Warm zone
Cold zone |
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true or false
never stop a fire apparatus across a railroad |
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Term
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Definition
Ice (32f))(0c)
liquid (32f to 212f)(0c to 100c)
gas (212f)(100c) |
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| primary way that water extinguishes fire is |
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| as an extinguishing agent water depends on |
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Definition
specific heat
latent heat of vaporization
exposed surface area
specific gravity |
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Definition
| measure of heat absorbing capacity of substance |
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| latent heat of vaporization |
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Definition
| quantity of heat of absorbed by substance when it changes from a liquid to a vapor |
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Definition
| speed at which water absorbs heat increases in proportion to the water surface exposed to the heat. |
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| density of liquids in relation to water |
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| water converted into steam occupies |
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| 1700 times its original volume |
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| true or false water reacts violently with burning combustibles |
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Definition
| height of a water supply above the discharge orifice, (5psi per 10f) |
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Definition
| stored potential energy availible to force water through pipe, fitting, fire hose, and adapters.(at rest pressure) |
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Definition
| part of total available pressure not used to overcome friction loss or gravity while forcing water through pipe fittings, fire hose and adapters |
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Definition
| forward velocity pressure at a discharge opening while water is flowing |
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Definition
| surge in pressure resulting from sudden stoppage of moving water |
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Term
| valves for water systems are divided into |
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Definition
| indicating and non indicating |
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| two most common indicator valves |
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Definition
post indicator valve (PIV)
and outside screw and yoke valve (OS&Y) |
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Definition
any fire stream that is to large to be controlled without mechanical aid.
(flows are greater than 350 gpm) |
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Term
| Difference between a monitor and a deluge gun |
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Definition
| monitors stream direction and angle can be changed while water is being discharged. Deluge angle and direction cant be changed while water is being discharged |
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Definition
| mounted on fire apparatus and connected by permanent piping, aka deck gun, or deck pipe |
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Definition
| master stream device used in conjunction with aerial ladders. |
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| also called distributor nozzles, used in basement fires |
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| produces fan shaped stream, intended to protect combustible materials from the heat of an adjacent fire |
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| aka penetrating nozzles, used to pierce aircraft in aircraft firefighting |
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Definition
| designed for the end of a booster hose, distributes a fine mist of water, contoured for a chimney |
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| reflects how much water is moving through the discharge valve and consequently the nozzle. (provides water flow in gpm) |
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| 2 type of Positive displacement pumps |
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Definition
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Definition
piston moving up and down develops pressure to create vaccum
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Definition
| uses gears to form an airtight and water tight pockets to move water from intake to outlet |
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| non positive displacement pump, it imparts velocity into water and converts it into pressure within the pump itself |
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| centrifugal pump consist of two parts |
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Definition
1.impeller - transmits energy in form of velocity to the water
2. casing- collects water and confines it in order to convert the velocity into pressure |
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Term
| single stage centrifugal fire pumps |
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Definition
| single impeller, can pump up to 2,000 gpm |
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Term
| multistage centrifugal pump |
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Definition
| has an impeller for each stage mounted within a single housing. usually mounted on a single drive shaft. |
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| pumping in parallell (volume) |
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Definition
| each impeller takes water from a source and delivers it to the discharge. |
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| pumping in series ( pressure) |
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Definition
| all the water is taken from the intake manifold and is directed into the eye of the first impeller. (same stream of water goes through both impellers and doubles pressure) |
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Term
| if pump packing is too lose |
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Definition
| there will be an excessive amount of water leaking from the pump during operation. ( adversely affects ability to draft) |
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| auxiliary engine- driven pumps |
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| powered by a gasoline or diesel engine independent of an engine used to drive the vehicle. |
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| pump driven by a driveshaft that is connected to the power take off on the chasis transmission. |
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| front bumper is extended and a pump is mounted between the bumper and the grill. |
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| pumpers have the fire pump mounted laterally across the frame behind the engine and transmission |
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| driven by a shaft from the front of the vehicle's engine. |
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| pump of the rear of apparatus |
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2 concepts
1.relieves exces pressure on the discharge side
2.relieves pressure on the on the intake side |
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| regulates power output of the engine to match pump discharge requirements |
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| measures positive pressure or vacuum. (how hot is the hydrant) |
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| records the engine speed in revolutions per minute. |
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| alerts drivers to engine overheating problems |
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| how much pressure you are discharging |
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| stopping at the hydrant, dropping the end of one or more supply lines at hydrant and proceeding to the fire location. |
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| lay from the fire source to the water |
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| water is being discharged faster than it is coming into the pump. ( running away from your water) |
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| In regards to standpipe ops discharge pressure should not exceed |
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Definition
| 200 psi (unless otherwise noted) |
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Definition
separating(creates barrior between fire by following methods)
cooling- lowers temp of the fuel and adjacent surfaces
suppressing- smothers fire |
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| hydrocarbon surfactants, reduces surface tension of the water in foam solution(provides better penetration for water) |
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