Term
| all of the following countries experienced a revolution in 1848 |
|
Definition
1. germany
2. italy
3. france |
|
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Term
| liberalism in the nineteenth century was most popular with |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| developed a study on the bureaucratization of the industrial west |
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Term
| who was the most famous african resistance leader? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| the leader of the process of german unification was |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what african nation successfully resisted european imperialism? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| who isolated the tuberculosis bacillus and cholera bacillus? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| the great reform bill of 1832 |
|
Definition
| gave most male property holders the right to vote in great britain |
|
|
Term
| who wrote, The Interpretation of Dreams? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| the crimean war involved all of the following states: |
|
Definition
1. Ottoman Empire
2. Russia
3. Britain
4. France |
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Term
| the italian nationalist that conquered the kingdom of two sicilies was |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| all of the following technological and medical innovations aided european imperialism in africa: |
|
Definition
1. quinine
2. the steam ship
3. the breeching rifle |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| resulted in the creation of the austro-hungarian empire |
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|
Term
| which european country gained the most territory as a consequence of the new imperialism? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| who first demonstrated the accuracy of the germ theory of disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| albert einstein's view of the universe was revolutionary for all the following reasons |
|
Definition
1. he questioned the accepted newtonian view of the universe
2. he maintained that time and space are relative to the observer
3. he questioned the absolute nature of time and space |
|
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Term
| the most articulate spokesperson of early nineteenth century conservatism was |
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Definition
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|
Term
| the prime minister of the piedmont-sardinia who played a critical role in the unification of italy was |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| how much of the african continent was under direct european control by 1905? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dutch settlers in south africa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| science proved the highest level of human knowledge |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| was violently suppressed by a western military force |
|
|
Term
| which asian state successfully resisted european imperialism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| after the franco-prussian war of 1870- 1871, |
|
Definition
| the german empire was proclaimed |
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|
Term
| the most important italian nationalist in 1848 was |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| all of the following are true of romanticism: |
|
Definition
1. it was opposed to classicism
2. it saw humanity and nature as intimately linked
3. romanticism works of literature were frequently set in the middle ages |
|
|
Term
| the decemberist revolt involved |
|
Definition
| an successful revolt of russian army officers against the tsar |
|
|
Term
| the greek revolt in 1821 succeeded because of |
|
Definition
| the support of the concert of europe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| who won the russo-japanese war? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| all of the following are true of the imperial idea: |
|
Definition
1. europeans believed they were a civilizing force
2. europeans believed their technological superiority indicated their moral superiority
3. europeans believed that christianity was tied to civilization |
|
|
Term
| the concert of europe sought to |
|
Definition
| maintain the european system established at the congress of vienna |
|
|
Term
which of the following is NOTa distinctive feature of
communism? |
|
Definition
| right to own private property |
|
|
Term
| in 1830, revolts occurred in all of the following countries: |
|
Definition
1. france
2. belgium
3. poland |
|
|
Term
| after the discovery of the germ theory of disease in the late nineteenth century, |
|
Definition
| european deaths from infectious disease dropped dramatically |
|
|
Term
| where did the european concepts of liberty help create a revolution in the late 1700s? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which country held the largest overseas empire in 1650? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| during the 1700s, great britain's key commercial rival was |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the enlightenment Encyclopedia |
|
Definition
| was a 17-volume work that contained thousands of articles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| that god had simply created the universe and given it natural laws |
|
|
Term
| enlightenment philosophes argued that women |
|
Definition
| and men were different and operated in separate spheres |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rousseau advocated the idea of the General Will |
|
|
Term
| most of the famous philosophers of the enlightenment were |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| who was the most radical of the enlightenment political theorists? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| david hume argued that human beings |
|
Definition
| did not have any certain knowledge at birth |
|
|
Term
| all of the following are true of the atlantic economy: |
|
Definition
1. the slave trade was critical to the atlantic economy
2. north american colonists were able to purchase manufactured goods from europe thanks to the atlantic economy
3. european demand for agricultural products like sugar contributed to its growth |
|
|
Term
| what was the one area where women were the equal of men during the enlightenment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| as a result of the the 7 years war |
|
Definition
| france gave up large amounts of territory in north america to great britain |
|
|
Term
| the dutch empire developed in conjunction with |
|
Definition
| the tremendous growth of the dutch economy |
|
|
Term
| which european country was considered the dominant imperial power by 1850? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the enlightenment inspired political reform in all of the following: |
|
Definition
1. venezuela
2. france
3. britain |
|
|
Term
| the most significant of the enlightened absolutist monarchs was |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| all of the following are true of the British in India: |
|
Definition
1. they did not use slave labor in india
2. they eventually gained direct control of the indian provinces
3. they established factories along the indian coast |
|
|
Term
| immanuel kant's famous statement about the enlightenment was |
|
Definition
| have the courage to know! |
|
|
Term
| the rebels in haiti revolted against |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| napoleon was forced to offer his first abdication |
|
Definition
| after his defeat at battle of nations |
|
|
Term
| the most important feature of the industrial revolution was |
|
Definition
| the use of machines to make things |
|
|
Term
| the european continent lagged behind great britain in the industrial revolution for all of the following reasons: |
|
Definition
1. aristocratic attitudes opposed to the industrial revolution
2. the persistence of protective tariffs
3. internal trade barriers |
|
|
Term
| which two principles guided the delegates at the congress of vienna? |
|
Definition
| dynastic legitimacy and balance of powers |
|
|
Term
| optimists measure the improvements in the standard of living by |
|
Definition
| growth in per capita real income |
|
|
Term
| the third estate included |
|
Definition
| the representatives of the commoners |
|
|
Term
| the capital for british railroads came primarily from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the consulate established in 1799 |
|
Definition
| signalled an end to the republic in france |
|
|
Term
| who was the most prominent leader of the montagnards? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the french turned back an army of austrians and prussians at the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| included an executive body and a two-house assembly |
|
|
Term
| as a result of the french revolution, |
|
Definition
| men of property, regardless of class, reaped tangible economic and social benefits |
|
|
Term
| the right to vote in the directory |
|
Definition
| was limited to male property owners |
|
|
Term
| all of the following were permanent results of the french revolution: |
|
Definition
1. success of the doctrine of popular sovereignty
2. the active participation of citizens in politics
3. the growth of state control over individual citizen's lives |
|
|
Term
| An Essay on the Principle of Population maintained that |
|
Definition
| population grows geometrically, food supply grows arithmetically |
|
|
Term
| all of the following are true of the de-christianization campaign: |
|
Definition
1. it was begun by a former priest named joseph fouche
2. religious symbols were removed from cemeteries
3. churches were renamed temples of reason |
|
|
Term
| where did the industrial revolution begin in the west? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how did the industrial revolution, help redefine the west? |
|
Definition
| the west was only defined by the countries that had experienced industrialization |
|
|
Term
| in the early industrial revolution, manufactured goods were transported mainly |
|
Definition
| on waterways and man-made canals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involved napoleon's conquest of spain |
|
|
Term
| napoleon's attitude towards his bureaucracy is best summed up in the statement: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the steam engine was important in the coal mining industry because |
|
Definition
| provided a way to pump water out of coal mines |
|
|
Term
| pessimists about the industrial revolution are |
|
Definition
| fundamentally opposed industrial capitalism |
|
|
Term
| nationalists in germany and italy |
|
Definition
| eventually saw napoleon as an invader and a dictator |
|
|
Term
| all of the following developments were critical to the emergence of the industrial revolution: |
|
Definition
1. the growth of cities
2. the rise of new modes of transportation
3. the emergence of the factory system |
|
|
Term
| what was the main result of the first french revolution between 1789- 1791? |
|
Definition
| the elimination of the institutions of the old regime |
|
|
Term
| the second european country to experience an industrial revolution was |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| napoleon's agreement with the catholic church |
|
|
Term
| what groups made up the estates general? |
|
Definition
| the clergy, the nobility, and the commoners |
|
|
Term
| what was the single most famous document to emerge out of the french revolution? |
|
Definition
| Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen |
|
|
Term
| the new textile machines led to a dramatic increase in the supply of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| all of the following contributed to the outbreak of the french revolution: |
|
Definition
1. an economic crisis
2. the Enlightenment
3. a fiscal crisis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| were political radicals who helped establish the french republic |
|
|
Term
| who was the french king during the french revolution? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| all of the following contributed to the success of the factory: |
|
Definition
1. transportation of goods was cheaper
2. production could be mechanized
3. labor was cheaper |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| maintained that the planets followed elliptical orbits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| was an economic policy based on free trade |
|
|
Term
| the holy roman empire before 1648 is best understood as |
|
Definition
| a confederation of states loosely overseen by the holy roman emperor |
|
|
Term
| in The Starry Messenger, galileo detailed |
|
Definition
| his discovery of new moons of jupiter |
|
|
Term
| neoplatonism contributed to the scientific revolution in all of the following ways: |
|
Definition
1. it promoted the idea of universal laws in nature
2. it encouraged a mathematical view of nature
3. an interest in alchemy encouraged experimentation |
|
|
Term
| the fronde was significant because |
|
Definition
| it demonstrated the power of the nobility and the parlements in france |
|
|
Term
| the geocentric conception of the cosmos was rooted in the works of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| isaac newton maintained that God |
|
Definition
| was a persuasive and powerful force in the natural world |
|
|
Term
| the english revolution led to |
|
Definition
| the establishment of a republic |
|
|
Term
| who was the most important chemist during the 1600s? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| who first argued for the heliocentric view of the cosmos? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how did richelieu modify the edict of nantes? |
|
Definition
| he eliminated the right to fortified towns to the french huguenots |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a famous palace built by louis XIV |
|
|
Term
| the heliocentric view of the universe appeared to |
|
Definition
| reduce the relative importance of humans in the cosmos |
|
|
Term
| the event that most changed the nature of the holy roman empire was |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| all of the following are true of the intendants: |
|
Definition
1. they recruited men for the army
2. they were responsible to the royal council
3. they collected taxes |
|
|
Term
| the war of the spanish succession ended with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| philosophers like descartes believed the mind |
|
Definition
| was not like a machine that could be measured mathematically |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| argued that all the planets except earth revolved around the sun |
|
|
Term
| mechanical philosophy refers to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the glorious revolution included all of the following: |
|
Definition
1. the declaration of rights
2. the naming of william and mary as rulers
3. the prohibition of catholics in the succession to the english crown |
|
|
Term
| newton's most important contribution was |
|
Definition
| the universal law of gravity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| argued that religious faith was unknowable through the use of reason and science |
|
|
Term
| absolutism is best understood as |
|
Definition
| legitimate and total power invested in a single ruler |
|
|
Term
| the 30 years war was mainly fought in which country? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| deists maintained that God |
|
Definition
| exercised only a small role in the mechanical operation of the universe |
|
|
Term
| Leviathan justified which political system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the religious policy of the dutch republic in the seventeenth century |
|
Definition
| promoted toleration of a wide variety of religious groups, including the jews |
|
|
Term
| francis bacon argued that |
|
Definition
| humans could control and master nature |
|
|
Term
| cardinal richelieu accomplished all of the following: |
|
Definition
1. creating eight powerful regional parliaments
2. modification of the edict of nantes
3. strengthening the office of the intendants |
|
|
Term
| how did richelieu modify the edict of nantes? |
|
Definition
| he eliminated the right of fortified towns to the french huguenots |
|
|
Term
| who succeeded cardinal richelieu as minister to the french king? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in his four wars between 1667- 1714, louis XIV fundamentally sought |
|
Definition
| to gain territory for france |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a famous palace built by louis XIV |
|
|
Term
| which european empire did the ottoman empire most closely resemble? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| absolutism became common among european states |
|
Definition
| after the thirty years war |
|
|
Term
| the thirty years war was mainly fought in which country? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the glorious revolution included all of the following: |
|
Definition
1. the declaration of rights
2. the naming of william and mary as rulers
3. the prohibition of catholics in the succession to the english crown |
|
|
Term
| the holy roman empire before 1648 is best understood as |
|
Definition
| a confederation of states loosely overseen by the holy roman emperor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the english revolution led to |
|
Definition
| the establishment of a republic |
|
|
Term
| absolutism is best understood as |
|
Definition
| legitimate and total power invested in a single ruler |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| louis XIV won the support of the french nobility in all of the following: |
|
Definition
1. he appointed them to the most important offices in the government
2. he rewarded them with special privileges and wealth
3. he included them in his daily rituals |
|
|
Term
| who wrote Six Books of a Commonweal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| jean bodin argued that absolutist rulers in the west |
|
Definition
| were required to rule according to the law |
|
|
Term
| louis XIV fought wars with all of the following states: |
|
Definition
1. the dutch republic
2. spain
3. great britain |
|
|
Term
| Leviathan justified which political system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| all of the following are true of european armies during the 1600s: |
|
Definition
1. the expenses associated with the armies increased dramatically
2. use of the musket became commonplace
3. soldiers were subjected to intensive training |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enjoyed great political power but did have to maintain the support of the nobility and political assemblies |
|
|
