Term
| What changes took place in European society during the mid and late Middle Ages? |
|
Definition
| Nobles lost power as monarchs expanded their control over vast area. |
|
|
Term
| What was one of the first documents to help protect the rights the of free individuals? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was a common European name for the land of Asia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happened as a result of Columbus's discovery of lands he believed to be Asia? |
|
Definition
| Spain persuaded the pope to create a Line of Demarcation securing its right to lands west of the line. |
|
|
Term
| What were the merchants who invested in a joint-stock company able to accomplish? |
|
Definition
| raise $ for new ventures and reduce the individual risk of starting a business |
|
|
Term
| What were trade networks in Africa built around? |
|
Definition
| gold, ivory, salt, and slaves |
|
|
Term
| What was a consequence of Portuguese exploration of Africa? |
|
Definition
| More warfare among West African kingdoms. |
|
|
Term
| What motivated the Dutch to come to America? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why did the French want to prevent English settlement in the Ohio River valley and the area around the Great Lakes? |
|
Definition
| In order to protect their already profitable fur trade. |
|
|
Term
| When did Parliament passed the Tea Act? |
|
Definition
| when the British East India Trading Company proposed selling its tea directly to the colonies |
|
|
Term
| What was the purpose of the Declaratory Act? |
|
Definition
| to ensure Parliament had the power to pass laws for the colonies |
|
|
Term
| What was the first law of Parliament that directly taxed teh colonists, not just trade goods? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the conflict resulted from British assumption that the Treaty of Paris granted Britain the American Indian lands in France's Northa American territory known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What act was passed by Parliament after the repeal of the Stamp Act? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why did more settlers begin crossing the Appalachian Mountains in the 1760s? |
|
Definition
| The British victory in the French and Indian War reduced their concerns about American Indian raids. |
|
|
Term
| Where did the Boston Massacre gain its name and reputation? |
|
Definition
| from the propoganda used by Samuel Adams and other Boston protesters |
|
|
Term
| Whose ideas was the slogan "No Taxation without Representation" based on? |
|
Definition
| Samuel Adams and James Otis |
|
|
Term
| What was Parliament's right to tax all paper items, such as legal documents and newspapers, called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why did Colonial merchants and smugglers oppose the Tea Act? |
|
Definition
| for fear the British East India COmpany would monopolize trade with its cheap tea and put them out of business |
|
|
Term
| Why was The Albany Plan of Union written? |
|
Definition
| to unite the colonies in the same way as the Iroquois League |
|
|
Term
| How did colonists respond to the Townshend Acts? |
|
Definition
| with another large-scale boycott of British goods |
|
|
Term
| Who created the Committees of Correspondence? |
|
Definition
| Samuel Adams and others to share ideas regarding the new British laws |
|
|
Term
| What was created as a result of the Stamp Act? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who was one of the first colonists to protest unfair taxation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who viewed the Stamp Act as unjust? |
|
Definition
| William Pitt, a member of Parliament |
|
|
Term
| What was the turning point of the French and Indian War? |
|
Definition
| General James Wolfe captured Quebec |
|
|
Term
| When did Massachusetts legislature call for a Stamp Act Congress? |
|
Definition
| when the Virginia House of Burgesses supported some of Patrick Henry's resolutions |
|
|
Term
| Why did Parliament repeal the Townshend Acts? |
|
Definition
| to further reduce colonial tension after the Boston Massacre |
|
|
Term
| What was the first battle of the French and Indian War? |
|
Definition
| the Battle of Fort Necessity |
|
|
Term
| As lawyers for the British soldiers charged with murder in 1770, Josiah Quincy and John Adams, used what defense for the soldiers? |
|
Definition
| They acted in self-defense. |
|
|
Term
| What were the Colonial Wars of the late 1600s and the 1700s a result of? |
|
Definition
| France and England's desire to dominate Europe and North America |
|
|
Term
| Although the original draft of the Declaration of Independence included a passage condemning the slave trade, why was the passage removed? |
|
Definition
| the southern delegates objected to it |
|
|
Term
| Who was the primary author of the Declaration of Independence? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was one important advantage that the colonists had over the British? |
|
Definition
| a strong belief in the cause for which they fought |
|
|
Term
| When did the colonists' rebellion against Britain become a full-scale revolution? |
|
Definition
| when the Continental Congress approved the Declaration of Independence |
|
|
Term
| What happened when George Washington took command of the Continental Army? |
|
Definition
| He did not know whether he could build a strong enough army |
|
|
Term
| Where was the colonists' ability to withstand an assault by the British army proven? |
|
Definition
| at the Battle of Bunker Hill |
|
|
Term
| How did Washington and 2400 Patriot soldiers surprise the enemy at Trenton on December 25, 1776? |
|
Definition
| by crossing the Delaware River at night |
|
|
Term
| When did the Second Continental Congres convene? |
|
Definition
| when the first shots were fired at Lexington and Concord |
|
|
Term
| When did the Marquis de Lafayette, a wealthy French aristocrat, fight for the Patriots? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How did officers from the country of Poland aid the Patriot cause? |
|
Definition
| by donating their army engineering and cavalry skills to the Continental Army |
|
|
Term
| What had already happened when King George III rejected the July 5, 1775, Olive Branch Petition? |
|
Definition
| General Washington was already gathering troops for the Continental Army |
|
|
Term
| Why did Thomas Paine reach a wider audience than most other pamphlet writers of his day? |
|
Definition
| He wrote as a common man to common people. |
|
|
Term
| What established the national borders of the US? |
|
Definition
| the Treaty of Paris of 1783 |
|
|
Term
| What best describes the Revolutionary War during the winter of 1777-78? |
|
Definition
| More than one fifth of Washington's troops died of disease and malnutrition at Valley Forge |
|
|
Term
| Why was General Washington most impressed by Marquis de Lafayette? |
|
Definition
| his passion for the Patriot cause |
|
|
Term
| What did supporters of the Constitution call themselves? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did Enlightenment philosopher John Locke believe? |
|
Definition
| The rule of law is more important than the authority of any individual. |
|
|
Term
| What best describes the trade imbalance in America? |
|
Definition
| Imports from Britain exceeded exports to Britain. |
|
|
Term
| How did the Three-Fifths Compromise solve the problem of how slaves would be counted? |
|
Definition
| The slaves in deciding each state's taxes. |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following best describes the Articles of Confederation? |
|
Definition
| They created a central government with limited powers and no president. |
|
|
Term
| What best describes the Federalist Papers? |
|
Definition
| They were a series of essays that defended the Constitution. |
|
|
Term
| What did Antifederalists such as Patrick Henry fear? |
|
Definition
| They feared that the checks and balances on the federal government were insufficient. |
|
|
Term
| What is the sharing of governmental power between a central authority and the states or provinces that make up a country? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What had to happen in order for the COnstitution to go into effect? |
|
Definition
| Nine of the states had to ratify it. |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is a government in which representatives are elected by the people? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What best describes the national government created under the Articles of Confederation? |
|
Definition
| A confederation Congress with one vote from each state. |
|
|
Term
| Why did the delegates from the smaller states strongly object to the Virginia Plan? |
|
Definition
| Because small states would have very few representatives in Congress while large states would have many. |
|
|
Term
| What were The Mayflower Compact and the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut examples of? |
|
Definition
| self-government documents written by Americans before the Revolution |
|
|
Term
| Why did Northern delegates to the Constitutional Convention agree to let the slave trade continue for another 20 years? |
|
Definition
| because if southern delegates would drop the demand that laws in Congress be passed with a two-thirds majority vote |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following are American models for representative government? |
|
Definition
| The New England town meeting and the Virginia House of Burgesses. |
|
|
Term
| How is ability of the Constitution to fit the needs of a changing nation best exemplified? |
|
Definition
| by the Bill of Rights and other amendments |
|
|
Term
| What system prevents any branch of government from becoming too powerful? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where can the words and ideas of John Locke best be expressed? |
|
Definition
| They influenced those who wanted to create a new government in America. |
|
|
Term
| What did some southern delegates threaten to do if the Constitution included an immediate ban on the slave trade? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom inspire all other states to do by 1833? |
|
Definition
| not establish an official church |
|
|
Term
| Why did some Federalists believe the Constitution was itself a bill of rights? |
|
Definition
| Because it was written to ensure liberty for all citizens |
|
|
Term
| What was the original purpose of the 1787 COnstitutional Congress? |
|
Definition
| to discuss revising the Articles of Confederation |
|
|
Term
| Where did Federalists John Jay and Alexander Hamilton lead the fight for ratification? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What authority does the Constitution give to the House of Representatives? |
|
Definition
| The authority to bring criminal charges against a president. |
|
|
Term
| What are Writs of Assistance? |
|
Definition
| They allow law officials to search any colonists |
|
|
Term
| What is the separation of powers referring to according to the Constitution? |
|
Definition
| states and the federal government |
|
|
Term
| Who were the only presidents ever to have been impeached? |
|
Definition
| Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton |
|
|
Term
| What are life appointments to the federal court system meant to ensure? |
|
Definition
| That judges make their decisions free from the influence of a particular party |
|
|
Term
| What powers are retained by the state governments or by citizens? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who makes up the president's cabinent? |
|
Definition
| heads of the 14 executive departments |
|
|
Term
| Which branch is responsible for enforcing the laws approved by Congress? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some of the duties of American citizens? |
|
Definition
| obeying laws, paying taxes, protecting the nation, and serving on juries |
|
|
Term
| What is a provision of the 22th Amendment, ratified in 1951? |
|
Definition
| It prevents any president from being elected to more than two terms. |
|
|
Term
| How did the idea for the president's cabinent originate? |
|
Definition
| Washington began meeting with executive department heads as a group. |
|
|
Term
| What did Washington do when political parties began to form during his presidency? |
|
Definition
| He worried that parties posed a threat to national unity. |
|
|
Term
| Which leader supported strict construction, meaning that the federal government should do only what the Constitution specifically says it can do? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why was the election of 1800 most important? |
|
Definition
| It weakened the Federalist Party and strengthened th Republicans. |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is true of the Bank of the US? |
|
Definition
| It was chartered by Congress in 1791. |
|
|
Term
| What event brought on the rallying cry of the American people "Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute!"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who supported loose construction, meaning that the federal government can take actions that the Constitution does not specifically forbid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who and/or what were members of the Whiskey Rebellion protesting? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why did Congress organize the government's judicial branch in 1789? |
|
Definition
| The Constitution's requirements for the judicial branch were not specific. |
|
|
Term
| Why was Hamilton's plan for debt assumption controversial? |
|
Definition
| He wanted the federal government to pay much of the states' war expenses. |
|
|
Term
| Who or what did Washington believe threatened national unity the most? |
|
Definition
| regional and political differences |
|
|
Term
| What did Washington advise the US to do when France and Great Britain went to war? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was one of the most significant developments of the Renaissance? |
|
Definition
| Gutenburg's invention of movable type for European presses |
|
|
Term
| What attracted the Dutch and the Swedish to North America? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who led former indentured servants to attack and burn Jamestown? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What crop in the South Carolina colony thrived after African laborers taught the colonist how to raise it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which colonists agreed to work from four to seven years for those who paid their ship fare to America? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| As a result of the Great Awakening what did the congregations of some established churches in the colonies divided into? |
|
Definition
| Old Lights and New Lights |
|
|
Term
| Why did Parliament pass a series of Navigation Acts between 1650 and 1696? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the Glorious Revolution? |
|
Definition
| overthrow of King James II |
|
|
Term
| What region is best described as a harsh climate with rocky soil? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When was the first attempt to unite the colonists in time of crisis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did the Massachusetts legislature invite delegates from the other colonies to do in 1765? |
|
Definition
| attend the Stamp Act Congress in New York |
|
|
Term
| What action did British officials take to enforce the Townshend Acts in 1767? |
|
Definition
| They used Writs of Assistance that allowed tax collectors to search for smuggled goods. |
|
|
Term
| When did colonists first begin using the slogan "No Taxation without Representation"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What actions best describe what colonists called the Boston Massacre? |
|
Definition
| British soldiers fired into a civilian crowd, resulting into several deaths |
|
|
Term
| What was the significance of the Battle of Saratoga? |
|
Definition
| It was the greatest victory up to that point for the American forces. |
|
|
Term
| What was a requirement to become a state for settlers in a portion of the Northwest Territory under the Northwest Ordinance? |
|
Definition
| number at least 60,000 inhabitants and petition Congress |
|
|
Term
| What did James Madison encourage the legislators to do during Congress's first session after the ratification of the Constitution? |
|
Definition
| put together a bill of rights |
|
|
Term
| During the Constitutional Convention, what did James Madison agree to do? |
|
Definition
| add a bill of rights to the Constitution to protect the rights of individuals |
|
|
Term
| Which nations would the US remain neutral to according to Neutrality Proclamation? |
|
Definition
| all nations at war in Europe |
|
|
Term
| What did Hamilton believe debt assumption would accomplish? |
|
Definition
| improve business in debtor states and inspire greater support for the federal government |
|
|
Term
| Why did the French establish colonies in the northern part of North America in the early 1600s? |
|
Definition
| the explorations of Cartier and Champlain had given France a claim to much of present-day eastern Canada |
|
|
Term
| Which country began the European trade in African slaves? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was a result of the Treaty of Tordesillas? |
|
Definition
| It came under Portuguese control. |
|
|
Term
| What Asian goods were most valued by Europeans? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the rebirth of European interest in the arts and learning of ancient Greece and Rome known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where did the Renaissance begin in the mid-1300s? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was a result of the Commercial Revolution? |
|
Definition
| Merchants became more aggressive about adjusting prices in order to make profits. |
|
|
Term
| What rediscovery contributed to the Renaissance? |
|
Definition
| ancient Greek and Roman works |
|
|
Term
| How are inflation in Spain and defeat of the Spanish Armada related to colonization? |
|
Definition
| Spain's Golden Age gradually came to an end and it lost power in the New World. |
|
|
Term
| How did England attempt to strengthen it claim to North America? |
|
Definition
| esablishing permanent fishing villages |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following was a result of the invention of the printing press? |
|
Definition
| It helped spread the Protestant Reformation. |
|
|
Term
| What action did the Spanish take as a result of American Indian resistance, high death rates from disease, and lack of success of the encomienda system in the Caribbean? |
|
Definition
| They brough enslaved Africans to work in New Spain. |
|
|
Term
| How is Germany related to the Protestant Reformation? |
|
Definition
| The Pope made the people there the main targets of his hatred. |
|
|
Term
| What was Henry VIII's motive for founding the Anglican Church? |
|
Definition
| He wanted a divorce and the Pope wouldn't give him one. |
|
|
Term
| How was the defeat of the Aztecs related to their religion? |
|
Definition
| They believed the Spanish conquerors were gods. |
|
|
Term
| What best describes the borderlands of New Spain? |
|
Definition
| They had little mineral wealth, harsh conditions, and only a few scattered settlements. |
|
|
Term
| What was England's motive for founding Roanoke colony? |
|
Definition
| Gaining a foothold in the New World. |
|
|
Term
| What obstructed the growth and success of the Virginia colony most until the 1670's? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Pilgrims were persecuted by English authorities because of religious intolerance. What would have been the main reason for this intolerance? |
|
Definition
| They left England and moved to the Netherlands in 1608. |
|
|
Term
| What was the motive behind the first settlers arrival in Jamestown? |
|
Definition
| They were adventurers who hoped to discover gold without having to establish a settlement. |
|
|
Term
| Why did England's Great Migration occur? |
|
Definition
| Economic and political circumstances became unbearable for dissenters. |
|
|
Term
| How is William Bradford related to the English colonies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When did the Virginia colony begin to thrive economically? |
|
Definition
| when John Rolfe introduced West Indian tobacco in 1612 |
|
|
Term
| What was the goal of the first colonies to arrive in Jamestown? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the function of Captain John Smith in the Virginia colony? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is gender related to politics in Massachusetts? |
|
Definition
| only male church members could vote |
|
|
Term
| What are the features of the Virginia Colony's government? |
|
Definition
| a general court with a two-house legislature |
|
|
Term
| How was the year 1607 related to Jamestown? |
|
Definition
| the first colonists arrived |
|
|
Term
| What did the Reverend Thomas Hooker establish in 1639? |
|
Definition
| Fumdamental Orders of Connecticut, principles of government that gave more people the right to vote |
|
|
Term
| How is William Penn's model of Philadelphia related to other colonial cities? |
|
Definition
| Penn's model was used by others |
|
|
Term
| What group of people served as the motive behind Baltimore's establishment of a new colony in America? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How did the decline in the number of indentured servants in Virginia affect many farmers? |
|
Definition
| They preferred enslaved African slaves to indentured servants, who had to be set free at the end of their contracts. |
|
|
Term
| What motive led the Pilgrims to leave the Netherlands? |
|
Definition
| to maintain an English culture and heritage for their children |
|
|
Term
| What happened as a result of revivals held during the 1730s and 1740s? |
|
Definition
| People throughout the colonies experienced a Great Awakening in their religious beliefs. |
|
|
Term
| Why were slave codes passed by colonial legislatures? |
|
Definition
| They controlled slaves by establishing rules of conduct for them. |
|
|
Term
| What was the first colonial legislature formed in the colonies? |
|
Definition
| an assembly, established in Jamestown, Virginia, in 1619 |
|
|
Term
| What motive was behind the production of cash crops such as cotton? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the main idea of the Enlightenment? |
|
Definition
| that a scientific thinking could be used to study human nature and improve the world |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following best describes a part of the so-called triangular trade? |
|
Definition
| It went from the colonies to the West Indies to Britain. |
|
|
Term
| What was the motive behind the many laws in Massachusetts enforce by the Puritans? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are cotton and tobacco related to the southern colonies? |
|
Definition
| They were primary cash crops. |
|
|
Term
| What motive led colonists to establish schools in New England? |
|
Definition
| They wanted to educate a ministry for future generations |
|
|
Term
| What are the features of a bicameral legislatures? |
|
Definition
| a law making body made up of two houses, or groups |
|
|
Term
| What was the focus of the ministers of the Great Awakening? |
|
Definition
| sinful state of humanity and everyone's equal chance to be saving |
|
|
Term
| Why did Parliament ask the rulers of the Netherlands to lead England? |
|
Definition
| James II wanted to change England back to a Catholic nation. |
|
|
Term
| How are rich fishing waters and abundant timber related to New England? |
|
Definition
| It made fishing and shipbuilding two leading industries in New England. |
|
|
Term
| What is a favorable balance of trade? |
|
Definition
| having fewer imports than exports |
|
|
Term
| How is diverse New England climate related to its economy and labor demands? |
|
Definition
| skilled craftsmen who had trained as apprentices were needed |
|
|
Term
| What were the Navigation Acts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did the New England colonies develop a tradition of holding |
|
Definition
| one or more town meetings a year |
|
|
