Term
| What is the primary goal of effective ventilation operations? |
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Definition
| The reduction or removal of smoke, heat and fire gases from a structure or enclosed area in a timely manner. |
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Term
| How do plans for ventilation operations begin? |
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Definition
| by the identification of the direction contaminants must travel to exit the area. (Horizontal or Vertical) |
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Term
| What are the 2 directions that contaminants (smoke, etc.) move? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 basic methods utilized to pressurize a contaminated area? |
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Definition
1. Natural ventilation
2. Mechanical positive pressure ventilation. |
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Term
| What happens to products of combustion as a fire burns within a confined building? |
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Definition
| It fills all available space within a building. |
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Term
| What factors is effective ventilation dependent on? |
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Definition
| 1. Proximity of the ventilation opening to contaminates to be removed.
2. Ability of contaminates to travel unobstructed to the ventilation opening.
3. Number and size of ventilation openings.
*4. Direction of Wind
*5. Humidity
6. Temperature differential between the interior and exterior of a building. |
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Term
| What are your options when utilizing portable blowers? pg 5 LP 527 |
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Definition
1. Exit through pre-selected and/or controlled openings.
2 Allow the use of ventilation openings that are remote from contaminates.
3. Overcome interior - exterior temperature differentials.
4. Move contaminate through areas or openings not normally utilized by natural ventilation.
5. Reduce time necessary to ventilate a building compared to natural ventilation operations. |
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Term
| What are the current methods that are utilized to provide pressurized ventilation with portable blowers? |
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Definition
1. Negative pressure ventilation
2. Positive pressure ventilation |
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Term
| Where is the blower placed when utilizing the Negative pressure ventilation method? |
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Definition
| the building to exhaust the contaminants |
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Term
| What are the disadvantages of negative pressure ventilation? |
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Definition
| 1. Personnel must be exposed to hazardous contaminants to position a blower.
2 Contaminants are drawn through the blower, creating additional equipment cleanup and maintenance.
3. Blowers placed in doorways or hallways can block entry or exit to the building
4. To be effectively positioned, blowers suspended in doorways or windows must utilize straps, ladders, or other accessories.
5. Interior blowers are not efficient in removing contaminants at the top of a room or building. |
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Term
| How will air normally travel during pressurized ventilation? |
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Definition
| In the path of least resistance, which is normally a straight line from the fresh air inlet to the blower. |
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Term
| Where is the blower placed for Positive Pressure Ventilation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the advantages of positive pressure ventilation compared to negative pressure ventilation? |
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Definition
| 1. Personnel not exposed to hazardous contaminants
2. Contaminants not drawn through blowers; less equip. cleanup and maint.
3. Doorways, windows and halls stairwells don't need to be blocked by blowers.
4. Exterior blowers take less time and fewer personnel to put into operation.
5. Positive pressure ventilation is about as effective at removing contaminants from a building compared to neg. pressure ventilation.
6. Exterior blowers provide a reduced noise level and remove contaminants from the whole room. |
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Term
| To achieve maximum ventilation what must be controlled? |
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Definition
| Air flow between openings |
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Term
| The size of the exhaust opening is dependent upon what? |
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Definition
| The location of the heat and smoke, and the prioritization of suppression operations. |
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Term
| For best efficiency, what size should the exhaust opening (heat hole, window, door, etc.) be? |
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Definition
| Between 3/4 - 1 3/4 the size of the entrance opening. |
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Term
| If an exhaust odor is noticeable inside the building what does this indicate? |
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Definition
| it is an indicator that the exhaust opening is not large enough. |
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Term
Which one of these weather aspects have a significant effect on the operation of blowers?
a) Temperature
b) Humidity
c) Rain
d) Wind |
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Definition
d) Wind
It can have an adverse effect on positive pressure ventilation, but its effect is dependent on the direction and velocity. |
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Term
| How can maximum blower efficiency be obtained? |
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Definition
| by utilizing prevailing wind direction to an advantage (windward to leeward) |
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Term
| How effective is positive pressure against wind? |
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Definition
| Positive pressure has proven effective AGAINST winds of up to mph. |
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Term
| Personnel not involved in the ventilation operation must not do what? |
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Definition
| reposition blowers OR alter exhaust openings. |
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Term
| Optimum placement of blowers is dependent on what two factors? |
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Definition
1. Size of the entrance opening
2. The CFM (Cubic Feet per Minute) of the blower. |
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Term
| What are the two sizes of blowers carried on Department apparatus? |
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Definition
1. Small blowers (18 inch)
2. Larger blowers (24 inch) |
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Term
| What problems may be encountered when tilting blowers at angles more than the manufacturer has specified? |
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Definition
| a lack of lubrication to the crankshaft. |
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Term
| What are the benefits of using multiple blowers during a ventilation? |
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Definition
| It can dramatically increase CFM when used in series or provide proper coverage of the opening when used in parallel. |
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Term
| How is maximum effectiveness achieved for standard entrance openings? |
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Definition
| by placing two blowers in series (in-line) with each other. |
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Term
| Where should the two blowers be positioned? |
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Definition
| 1. One is positioned 2 about two feet away from door to ensure ingress/egress of personnel while getting all air into the entrance.
2. The 2nd blower is utilized to cover the entrance opening with pressurized air and it increases the capacity of the first blower by approx. |
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Term
| For standard openings, which configuration is effective? |
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Definition
| Multiple blowers in parallel (side-by-side) configuration are less effective than |
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